篇一：商业与文化英文作文
商业与文化
Topic 3: There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country's identity. What is your opinion?
商业和文化的接触增多会导致一个国家特征的丧失：
? 影响文化：文化不是静态的，而是动态的（not static, but dynamic)；—种文化的改变主要是由 于社会环境(social environment)发生了变化。比如说，人们的饮食习惯发生了改变，这是学习 夕卜界文化的结果(People's eating habits have been changed as the result of learned behaviour.)； 快餐文化源自美国，有些人将此作为财富的象征(symbols of wealth),从而喜欢快餐；另外， 本地的饮食文化会改变，以适应外国人的口味（suit the tastes of visitors);
? 影响生活方式：进口商品的增多，对外国产品的喜好（preference for imports);人们更加熟悉 他国的文化，而忘记自身的特点（sense of identity)，社会的团结也有所损害（an erosion of social solidarity);服装、饮食、娱乐等等都被两化了 （westernized),比如说，西装现在是流行 的男性服装(the suit is the most popular outfit for men)；
? 欠发达国家在技术革新中起到的作用甚微(play a small role in the technological revolution),所 以需要"出卖"自己国家的主权或者利益来获得国际的帮助（concede sovereignty and interests to other countries for aid)；贫富差距加大(widening gap between the richest and poorest parts of the world)；
? 接受西方文化的人们成为一个国家新的统治阶级（new ruling class);人们摒弃传统的观念 (renounce traditionally-held beliefs),觉得传统观念是过时的和低人一等的（outdated and inferior);主流文化会取代老式的和各种各样的文化（A dominant culture takes over diverse cultures.),人们不再尊重传统文化（lose respect older cultures),而传统观念最终成为历史 {consigned to history)。
商业和文化的接触增多会加强一个国家的特征：
? 外来文化让人们意识到自己文化的特点，从而更加注意维持这种文化； ? 一种特殊文化会引起世界的关注，人们会更加注意保护。
One of the most conspicuous trends in the 21st century is a closer connection between countries, in both economic and cultural aspects. There is a widespread worry that this will lead to the gradual demise of countries’ identities. This issue should be viewed and analyzed from multiple perspectives.
When a country tends to develop a closer relationship with the rest of the world, it does not necessarily give up its culture. Culture is not a disgrace to but an asset of a country. An indigenous culture can distinguish one country from others, attracting foreign visitors and yielding high income. As most tourists travel abroad for learning different cultures and sampling different ways of life, such as Beijing opera in China, Japanese tea culture and Thai temples, many countries have responded with protecting and preserving their cultural identities, in an effort to keep themselves in the list of the most popular destinations. Increased tourism instills fresh life force into these countries, aiding theconservation of their features.
While tourism provides a driving force for cultural conversation, some components of a culture, such as traditions^ customs or taboos might die out over time. It seems that in some countries, the locals have become more accustomed to exotic cultures. It reflects the combined effects of the invasion of foreign cultures, either through media or through direct business interaction. For example, two decades ago, sex was a
taboo subject in China and most Chinese people felt embarrassed to talk openly about it. Over time the Western culture has permeated into the Chinese lifestyle, and the Chinese people have broken many of their time-honoured traditions. It occurs in the rest of the world as well.
As outlined above, increased interaction between countries in the domains of business and culture can either strengthen or undermine the identities of countries involved, To date there is no definite answer to this question.
1. conspicuous-noticeable=prominent=striking:显箸的，突出的
2. connection=linkage= relation=relationship:关系，联系
3. demise=disappearance=vanishing=fading:消失，死亡
4. multiple=manifold=numerous=various=many:不同的，很多的
5. disgrace=dishonour=shame=humiliation:耻辱
6. life force=soul=essence：生命力7. conservation=protection=preservation:保存，保护
8. exotic=bizarre=outlandish=from afar=mysteriously unusual: 外来的，奇异的
9.
taboo=offensive=embarrassing=unacceptable=disgraceful=dishonourable=humiliating:无礼的，侮辱性的；忌讳的
10. permeate=seep into=pervade=leak into:渗透11. time-honoured=age-old=long-established ：历史悠久的
12. interaction=interplay=communication=relationship:相互作用
篇二：雅思大作文范文：商业和文化
雅思大作文范文：商业和文化
本文是雅思大作文范文《商业和文化》，供大家阅读参考。认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容。
范文
One of the most conspicuous trends in the 21st century is a closer connection between countries, in both economic and cultural aspects. There is a widespread worry that this will lead to the gradual demise of countries’ identities. This issue should be viewed and analyzed from multiple perspectives.
When a country tends to develop a closer relationship with the rest of the world, it does not necessarily give up its culture. Culture is not a disgrace to but an asset of a country. An indigenous culture can distinguish one country from others, attracting foreign visitors and yielding high income. As most tourists travel abroad for learning different cultures and sampling different ways of life, such as Beijing opera in China, Japanese tea culture and Thai temples, many countries have responded with protecting and preserving their cultural identities,
资料来源：教育优选 /retype/zoom/7ca08443c1c708a1294a445e?pn=1&x=0&y=0&raww=630&rawh=42&o=jpg_6_0_______&type=pic&aimh=32&md5sum=b1569f07caa0f8100c327acc31a66605&sign=97a27c7a3d&zoom=&png=0-10204&jpg=0-1156" target="_blank">点此查看
in an effort to keep themselves in the list of the most popular destinations. Increased tourism instills fresh life force into these
countries, aiding the conservation of their features.
While tourism provides a driving force for cultural conversation, some components of a culture, such as traditions^ customs or taboos might die out over time. It seems that in some countries, the locals have become more accustomed to exotic cultures. It reflects the combined effects of the invasion of foreign cultures, either through media or through direct business interaction. For example, two decades ago, sex was a taboo subject in China and most Chinese people felt embarrassed to talk openly about it. Over time the Western culture has permeated into the Chinese lifestyle, and the Chinese people have broken many of their time-honoured traditions. It occurs in the rest of the world as well.As outlined above, increased interaction between countries in the domains of business and culture can either strengthen or undermine the identities of countries involved, To date there is no definite answer to this question.
资料来源：教育优选 http:///
篇三：商务英语写作范文
《商务英语书信写作》
目 录
第二章 商务业务信函范例 ....................................................................................... 7
第一节 资信调查函 ............................................................................................... 7
1.咨询函 ................................................................................................................ 7 2.3.向银行查询新客户资信情况向客户查询信用及经营情况 ......................................................................... ......................................................................... 88 4.带附表的资信调查函 ..................................................................................... 8 5.6.资信调查有利回函，并给予建议信用调查有利回函，告知敬请放心 ................................................................. ............................................................. 89 7.资信调查不利回函，告知管理不善 ............................................................. 9 8.9.信用调查不利回函，告知经济信用不佳表明无法提供确切意见而致歉 ..................................................................... ..................................................... 99 10.请求老客户作为资信证人 ......................................................................... 10 11.12.要求对方提供资信资料同意试销前的资信要求 ............................................................................. ............................................................................. 110 0
第二节 促 销 函 ............................................................................................. 11
1.2.传感剃须刀广告海报男用 喱宣传海报 ....................................................................................... ................................................................................... 111 1 3.香波的报纸广告 ........................................................................................... 11 4.5.便携式小型冰箱宣传册推荐地毯 ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................... 112 2 6.推荐替代品 ................................................................................................... 13 7.8.推荐新产品一般性推销 ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... 113 3 9.描述产品 ....................................................................................................... 14 10.11.写给不经常联系的客户推销教育课程 ............................................................................................. ............................................................................. 114 4 12.推销会议场所 ............................................................................................. 15 13.14.向老客户推销新产品为商贸指南征集广告 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 115 6
第三节 建立贸易关系 ......................................................................................... 16
1.2.亲抵进行业务调查咨询信 ........................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... 116 6 3.表达建立业务关系的意愿 ........................................................................... 16 4.5.参观展位后要求建立贸易关系通过自荐信建立商务关系 ........................................................................... ................................................................... 117 7 6.要求推荐客户 ............................................................................................... 17 7.8.由朋友介绍的公司从广告中得知客户信息 ....................................................................................... ............................................................................... 117 8 9.索取资料 ....................................................................................................... 18 10.11.寄送资料与过去有贸易往来的公司恢复联系 ..................................................................................................... ......................................................... 118 8 12.寻求电子制品合作伙伴 ............................................................................. 19 13.14.寻求纺织品贸易伙伴进口商与出口商的联络信 ................................................................................. ......................................................................... 129 0 15.出口商与进口商的联络信 ......................................................................... 20 16.接受建立业务关系函 ................................................................................. 20
19.要求对方刊登推销广告 ............................................................................. 21 20.21.索取样品请求担任独家代理 ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... 221 1 22.拒绝对方担任独家代理 ............................................................................. 22 23.24.同意对方担任独家代理物色代理商 ................................................................................................. ............................................................................. 222 2 25.欢迎新代理商 ............................................................................................. 23 26.27.要求试销同意试销 ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 223 3
第四节 价格谈判 ................................................................................................. 23
1.2.第一次询价答复第一次询价 ................................................................................................... ........................................................................................... 223 4 3.询问价格与优惠条款 ................................................................................... 24 4.5.答复价格，告知优惠条款问询到岸价格 ............................................................................................... ........................................................................... 224 4 6.答复价格并告知细节 ................................................................................... 25 7.8.中国进口商询盘报同类产品虚盘 ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... 225 5 9.提供代用品报盘 ........................................................................................... 26 10.11.传真报实价最优惠报价 ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. 226 6 12.中国出口商报盘 ......................................................................................... 26 13.14.国外出口商回复询盘答复网上询盘 ............................................................................................. ................................................................................. 227 7 15.报虚盘 ......................................................................................................... 28 16.17.报实盘折价优惠 ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 228 8 18.回复只能维持现价 ..................................................................................... 29 19.20.加价前优惠大客户还盘函 ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... 229 9 21.返还盘函 ..................................................................................................... 30 22.23.接受价格函涨价通知函 ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. 330 0 24.说明涨价原因 ............................................................................................. 31 25.26.询价函对询价函的回函 ......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... 331 1 27.价目表范例 ................................................................................................. 32 28.回函拒绝还盘 ............................................................................................. 32
第五节 订 货 ................................................................................................. 33
1.订单样本 ....................................................................................................... 33 2.3.电子邮件订单正式订购函 ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 333 4 4.附寄订单的信函 ........................................................................................... 34 5.6.通知接受订单确认订单 ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 334 4 7.试购函 ........................................................................................................... 35 8.9.确认收到订单使用现金支票下订单 ............................................................................................... ................................................................................... 335 5 10.使用交货付款方式下订单 ......................................................................... 36 11.使用信用卡订货 ......................................................................................... 36
14.通知无法供货 ............................................................................................. 36 15.16.通知不能供全部货物建议同类型其他产品 ................................................................................. ................................................................................. 337 7 17.无法接受替代品 ......................................................................................... 37 18.19.拒绝接受订单对货物满意，再一次订货 ............................................................................................. ......................................................................... 338 8 20.索取样品函 ................................................................................................. 38 21.22.同意送付样品函回函拒绝送付样品 ......................................................................................... ..................................................................................... 339 9 23.订货函 ......................................................................................................... 39 24.25.回函接受订货拒绝订单并推荐代替品 ............................................................................................. ............................................................................. 349 0 26.催促下订单 ................................................................................................. 40
第六节 付 款 ................................................................................................. 40
1.付款条款 ....................................................................................................... 40 2.开立汇票以支付装运费 ............................................................................... 40 3.4.要求变更汇票日期要求对方开立包括各种费用的汇票 ....................................................................................... ........................................................... 441 1 5.要求连同汇票寄来装船文件 ....................................................................... 41 6.7.同意变更汇票的付款条件要求寄送装运的汇票及提单 ........................................................................... ....................................................................... 441 1 8.通知对方愿意接受汇票 ............................................................................... 41 9.10.通知接受汇票，并要求迅速履行订货要求接受汇票并付款 ................................................................................. ....................................................... 441 2 11.提议变更付款条件 ..................................................................................... 42 12.13.建议使用见票后要求更易于接受的付款条款30天应付的信用证支付 ..................................................................... ............................................... 442 2 14.答应改变付款方式 ..................................................................................... 42 15.16.要求银行开立信用证索取形式发票 ............................................................................................. ................................................................................. 443 3 17.寄送形式发票 ............................................................................................. 43 18.19.付款通知告知付款账户 ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................. 444 4 20.通知收到付款 ............................................................................................. 44 21.22.回函拒绝对方付款方式接受对方付款方式 ..................................................................................... ............................................................................. 444 5
第七节 催 款 ................................................................................................. 45
1.2.提醒欠款事宜询问还款事宜 ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 445 5 3.客气的催款函 ............................................................................................... 45 4.5.询问未果，再次请求还款用对方信用情况提醒对方 ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 445 6 6.要求结清余额 ............................................................................................... 46 7.8.要求付款，并付上新发票三度索取欠款 ............................................................................................... ........................................................................... 446 6 9.再一次催款 ................................................................................................... 46 10.11.寄出欠款账单再度索取欠款 ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................. 447 7 12.告知账户资金不足 ..................................................................................... 47 13.答复客户延期付款要求 ............................................................................. 48
16.最后通牒 ..................................................................................................... 48 17.付款致谢函 ................................................................................................. 48
第八节 包装、装运和交货 ................................................................................. 48
1.说明发货流程 ............................................................................................... 48 2.3.关于包装要求洽谈包装 ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 449 9 4.告知已装运 ................................................................................................... 49 5.6.要求装船时间通知发运货物 ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 550 0 7.通知货物抵达 ............................................................................................... 50 8.9.委托装船指定木箱包装的材料及规格 ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................... 550 1 10.指定包装的材料、重量及唛头 ................................................................. 51 11.12.对包装箱长度、唛头的指示对机器包装的详细指示 ............................................................................. ..................................................................... 551 1 13.海运包装的详细指示 ................................................................................. 51 14.15.请注意包装，并减少费用免费再包装 ................................................................................................. ......................................................................... 551 2 16.告知对方包装无误，要求以保费弥补损失 ............................................. 52 17.18.告知对方已按照指示包装并交付船运通知对方转让装船文件的银行 ................................................................. ..................................................... 552 2 19.通知对方已寄出装船文件 ......................................................................... 52 20.21.运送数量不足，要求抓紧装运因须取得特殊许可，故延迟装运 ................................................................. ............................................................. 553 3 22.要求更改目的港 ......................................................................................... 53 23.24.因生产设备的改进，提前交货对延误装运而不满 ..................................................................................... ................................................................. 553 3 25.因延误装运而致歉 ..................................................................................... 53 26.27.收条告知对方货品抵达，随函附上支票 ............................................................................................................. ......................................................... 554 4 28.装运申请书 ................................................................................................. 54 29.30.装货单装箱单样本 ......................................................................................................... ................................................................................................. 554 5 31.托运人提供的情况 ..................................................................................... 55 32.33.询问装运催促装运 ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 556 6 34.告知已装运 ................................................................................................. 56
第九节 索赔与理赔 ............................................................................................. 57
1.投诉货物质量欠佳 ....................................................................................... 57 2.投诉产品数量不足 ....................................................................................... 57 3.4.投诉收到货物与订单不符抱怨包装不良 ............................................................................................... ........................................................................... 557 8 5.对所称包装不良的答复 ............................................................................... 58 6.7.首批到货不合格，保留索赔权对商品质量不满，要求补救 ....................................................................... ................................................................... 558 8 8.处理质量不满的投诉 ................................................................................... 59 9.10.为送错商品致歉为再次寄错商品规格致歉 ........................................................................................... ......................................................................... 559 9 11.解释双方都有责任 ..................................................................................... 59 12.调解客户退货 ............................................................................................. 60
15.破例进行理赔 ............................................................................................. 61 16.17.拒绝理赔说明包装无误，请对方向保险公司索赔 ..................................................................................................... ................................................. 661 1 18.因数量不一致，补运替代品 ..................................................................... 62 19.20.通知对方运去替代品表明愿意为不良品质负责，并支付差额 ................................................................................. ................................................. 662 2 21.针对索赔，指责对方订货错误 ................................................................. 62 22.23.应付令人头痛的客户改善服务 ..................................................................................................... ................................................................................. 662 2
第十节 商标、说明书、合格证及合同样本 ..................................................... 63
1.2.白鹤牌铅笔商标长城牌地毯商标 ........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... 663 3 3.凤凰牌双轮手扶拖拉机使用说明 ............................................................... 63 4.5.叉车使用说明书牡丹牌648型收音机说明书 ........................................................................................... ....................................................................... 664 4 6.微型电子计算器使用说明书 ....................................................................... 65 7.8.安替司丁药物使用说明书太阳元气袋使用说明书 ............................................................................... ........................................................................... 666 7 9.产品合格证 ................................................................................................... 67 10.11.装配合同代理协议 ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 668 9 12.补偿贸易合同 ............................................................................................. 70
第三章 商务通用公文及社交公文 ............................................................................ 72
第一节 通告和启事 ............................................................................................. 72
1.开业通告 ....................................................................................................... 72 2.3.扩张营业通告设立分公司的通知 ............................................................................................... ....................................................................................... 773 3 4.发布并购消息 ............................................................................................... 73 5.6.迁址通告公司重组启事 ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 773 4 7.拆伙通告 ....................................................................................................... 74 8.9.招标通告租赁注意事项 ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... 774 5 10.商品大拍卖海报 ......................................................................................... 76 11.12.消防演习通知董事会会议通知及会议议程 ............................................................................................. ..................................................................... 776 6 13.开会通知 ..................................................................................................... 76 14.15.开业通告增加新合伙人 ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................. 777 7 16.合伙人退休 ................................................................................................. 77 17.18.布告形式的通知通知参观取消 ............................................................................................. ......................................................................................... 777 7 19.商标所有权通知 ......................................................................................... 78 20.21.支票遗失给顾客的通知 ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................. 778 8
第二节 公司人事 ................................................................................................. 78
1.2.晋升公告调动通知 ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... 779 9 3.自荐求职信 ................................................................................................... 79 4.应征求职信 ................................................................................................... 80
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