ted演讲稿

篇一：倾听的力量 TED演讲稿

Listening is an active skill. Whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at. It's a

relationship with sound. And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught. For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? Here are two of them. Reductive listening is listening "for." It reduces

everything down to what's relevant and it discards everything that's not relevant. Men typically listen reductively. So he's saying, "I've got this problem." He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next." That's the way we talk, right guys? Expansive listening, on the other hand, is listening "with," not listening "for." It's got no destination in mind. It's just enjoying the journey. Women typically listen expansively. If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other,

possibly both talking at the same time. Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships.

认真倾听是一种主动技能。普通地听是被动的，而倾听却是要花功夫的。倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系。它也是一种与生俱来的能力。比如，你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势，以便你接收声音吗？看以下两个例子。删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听。它会只关注你想要知道的东西，而忽略无关紧要的内容。男人通常会删减性的倾听。比如一个人说：“我有个问题。”另一个人说：“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。”这就是我们谈话的方式，对吧，男士们？ 而另外一种，扩展性的倾听是“无目的”，“无选择”的。听你脑海里并没有明确的目标而只是享受听的过程。女人通常会扩展性的倾听。看看这两位，面对面，保持眼神交流，可能两人同时都在说话。男士们，如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味，试试扩展性的倾听，或许可以改善你们的关系。

The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: "schizophonia." It's a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. So, we're inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. I think there's something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia. The second problem that comes with

headphone abuse is compression. We squash music to fit it into our pocket and there is a cost attached to this. Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music. And now the

same piece of music with 98% of the data removed. I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. There is a cost of compression. It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. You're having to imagine it. It's not good for you in the long run. The third problem with headphones is this: deafness.

第一大严重的健康问题，根据Murray Schafer的话说，就是“幻听”。这是一种错乱，使你看到的和听到的并不一致。所以，我们的生活中，就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。我认为时时处于“幻听”中对健康十分不利。 与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题是压缩音乐。我们压缩音乐，以便能装进口袋，然而也付出了代价。听听这个，是一段没有压缩的音乐。同样的一段音乐，但却少了98%的信息。我希望至少有一部分人能听出其中的差别。这就是压缩音乐的代价。为了补上丢失的信息，你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。长期下去，会对健康不利。 滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是耳聋。

Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. WWB: Wind, water, birds -- stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so is this. Silence is beautiful. The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art. Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion. It's fun to get into designing with sound. If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. Sound design is the future, and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.

不谈噪音了，我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友。风水鸟：风声、水声、鸟声，大自然的声音。它们都由各种不同的细节组成，对健康十分有好处，因为它们都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音。寻求这些声音吧，对你们有好处。还有这个。安静是美好的。古人曾把语言比作修饰过的安静。我建议你们刻意地远离安静，去设计像艺术品一样有画面感的声音。有前景，有背景，并且比例协调。设计声音是很有趣的，如果自己不会做的话，可以找专业人士帮忙。声音设计就是未来，也是一种让世界变得好听的方法。

And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved. First of all, listen consciously. I hope that after this talk you'll be doing that. It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension. Secondly, get in touch with making some sound. Create sound. The voice

is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are

trained in using our voice? Get trained. Learn to sing. Learn to play an instrument. Musicians have bigger brains. It's true. You can do this in groups as well. It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia. To make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly. And let's take a

stewarding role for the sound around us. Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely. Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. And let's start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on.

还有四种方法需要你采取行动参与其中。首先专心地听。我希望在我的讲话过后你们就能去这样做。这会是你们人生全新的、美好的一面。第二试着自己弄出点声响。创造声音。声音是我们都会使用的乐器，但多少人接受训练学会利用我们自己的声音？尝试训练一下吧。学着歌唱。学习演奏一种乐器。音乐家都有更发达的大脑，这话不假。也可以尝试和大家一起这样做。这是缓解幻听的非常好的办法。和一大群人创造音乐是，任何你喜欢的方式都是不错的。让我们主宰周围的声音。保护听力？这是当然的。不管在家里，还是工作中，设计并创作出好听的声音。当有人用我之前播过的噪音来攻击我们的时候，让我们大声地给予它们还击。

篇二：你不必沉迷英语 TED演讲稿

I know what you're thinking. You think I've lost my way, and somebody's going to come on the stage in a minute and guide me gently back to my seat. (Applause) I get that all the time in Dubai. "Here on holiday are you, dear?" (Laughter) "Come to visit the children? How long are you staying?"

我知道你们在想什么，你们觉得我迷路了，马上就会有人走上台温和地把我带回我的座位上。（掌声）。我在迪拜总会遇上这种事。“来这里度假的吗，亲爱的？”（笑声）“来探望孩子的吗？这次要待多久呢？"

Well actually, I hope for a while longer yet. I have been living and teaching in the Gulf for over 30 years. (Applause) And in that time, I have seen a lot of changes. Now that statistic is quite shocking. And I want to talk to you today about language loss and the globalization of English. I want to tell you about my friend who was teaching English to adults in Abu Dhabi. And one fine day, she decided to take them into the garden to teach them some nature vocabulary. But it was she who ended up learning all the Arabic words for the local plants, as well as their uses -- medicinal uses, cosmetics, cooking, herbal. How did those students get all that knowledge? Of course, from their grandparents and even their great-grandparents. It's not necessary to tell you how important it is to be able to communicate across generations.

恩，事实上，我希望能再待久一点。我在波斯湾这边生活和教书已经超过30年了。（掌声）这段时间里，我看到了很多变化。现在这份数据是挺吓人的，而我今天要和你们说的是有关语言的消失和英语的全球化。我想和你们谈谈我的朋友，她在阿布达比教成人英语。在一个晴朗的日子里，她决定带她的学生到花园去教他们一些大自然的词汇。但最后却变成是她在学习所有当地植物在阿拉伯语中是怎么说的。还有这些植物是如何被用作药材，化妆品，烹饪，香草。这些学生是怎么得到这些知识的呢？当然是从他们的祖父母，甚至曾祖父母那里得来的。不需要我来告诉你们能够跨代沟通是多么重要。

But sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate. A language dies every 14 days. Now, at the same time, English is the undisputed global language. Could there be a connection? Well I don't know. But I do know that I've seen a lot of changes. When I first came out to the Gulf, I came to Kuwait in the days when it was still a hardship post. Actually,

not that long ago. That is a little bit too early. But nevertheless, I was recruited by the British Council along with about 25

other teachers. And we were the first non-Muslims to teach in the state schools there in Kuwait. We were brought to teach English because the government wanted to modernize the country and empower the citizens through education. And of course, the U.K. benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth. 但遗憾的是，今天很多语言正在以前所未有的速度消失。每14天就有一种语言消失，而与此同时，英语却无庸置疑地成为全球性的语言。这其中有关联吗？我不知道。但我知道的是，我见证过许多改变。初次来到海湾地区时，我去了科威特。当时教英文仍然是个困难的工作。其实，没有那么久啦，这有点太久以前了。总之，我和其他25位老师一起被英国文化协会聘用。我们是第一批非穆斯林的老师，在科威特的国立学校任教。我们被派到那里教英语，是因为当地政府希望国家可以现代化并透过教育提升公民的水平。当然，英国也能得到些好处，产油国可是很有钱的。

Okay. Now this is the major change that I've seen -- how teaching English has morphed from being a mutually

beneficial practice to becoming a massive international

business that it is today. No longer just a foreign language on the school curriculum. And no longer the sole domain of mother England. It has become a bandwagon for every

English-speaking nation on earth. And why not? After all, the best education -- according to the latest World University Rankings -- is to be found in the universities of the U.K. and the U.S. So everybody wants to have an English education, naturally. But if you're not a native speaker, you have to pass a test.

言归正传，我见过最大的改变，就是英语教学的蜕变如何从一个互惠互利的行为变成今天这种大规模的国际产业。英语不再是学校课程里的外语学科，也不再只是英国的专利。英语（教学）已经成为所有英语系国家追逐的潮流。何乐而不为呢？毕竟，最好的教育来自于最好的大学，而根据最新的世界大学排名，那些名列前茅的都是英国和美国的大学。所以自然每个人都想接受英语教育，但如果你不是以英文为母语，你就要通过考试。

Now can it be right to reject a student on linguistic ability

alone? Perhaps you have a computer scientist who's a genius. Would he need the same language as a lawyer, for example?

Well, I don't think so. We English teachers reject them all the time. We put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks. They can't pursue their dream any longer, till they get English. Now let me put it this way, if I met a Dutch

speaker who had the cure for cancer, would I stop him from entering my British University? I don't think so. But indeed, that is exactly what we do. We English teachers are the

gatekeepers. And you have to satisfy us first that your English is good enough. Now it can be dangerous to give too much power to a narrow segment of society. Maybe the barrier would be too universal.

但仅凭语言能力就拒绝学生这样对吗？譬如如果你碰到一位天才计算机科学家，但他会需要有和律师一样的语言能力吗？我不这么认为。但身为英语老师的我们，却总是拒绝他们。我们处处设限，将学生挡在路上，使他们无法再追求自己的梦想，直到他们通过考试。现在容我换一个方式说，如果我遇到了一位只会说荷兰话的人，而这个人能治愈癌症，我会阻止他进入我的英国大学吗？我想不会。但事实上，我们的确在做这种事。我们这些英语老师就是把关的。你必须先让我们满意，使我们认定你的英文够好。但这可能是危险的。把太多的权力交由这么小的一群人把持，也许会令这种障碍太过普及。

Okay. "But," I hear you say, "what about the research? It's all in English." So the books are in English, the journals are done in English, but that is a self-fulfilling . It feeds the English requirement. And so it goes on. I ask you, what happened to translation? If you think about the Islamic

Golden Age, there was lots of translation then. They translated from Latin and Greek into Arabic, into Persian, and then it was translated on into the Germanic languages of Europe and the Romance languages. And so light shone upon the Dark Ages of Europe. Now don't get me wrong; I am not against teaching English, all you English teachers out there. I love it that we have a global language. We need one today more than ever. But I am against using it as a barrier. Do we really want to end up with 600 languages and the main one being English, or Chinese? We need more than that. Where do we draw the line? This system equates intelligence with a knowledge of English which is quite .

于是，我听到你们问"但是研究呢?研究报告都要用英文。”的确，研究论著和期刊都要用英文发表，但这只是一种理所当然的现象。有英语要求，自然就有英语供给，然后就这么循环下去。我倒想问问大家，为什么不用翻译呢？想想伊斯兰的黄金时代，当时翻译盛行，人们把拉丁文和希腊文翻译成阿拉伯文或波斯文，然后再由拉伯文或波斯文翻译为欧洲的日耳曼语言以及罗曼语言。于是文明照亮了欧洲的黑暗时代。但不要误会我的意思，我不是反对英语教学或是在座所有的英语老师。我很高兴我们有一个全球性的语言，这在今日尤为重要。但我反对用英语设立障碍。难道我们真希望世界上只剩下600种语言，其中又以英文或中文为主流吗？我们需要的不只如此。那么我们该如何拿捏呢？这个体制把智能和英语能力画上等号这是相当武断的。

And I want to remind you that the giants upon whose

shoulders today's stand did not have to have

English, they didn't have to pass an English test. Case in point, Einstein. He, by the way, was considered remedial at school because he was, in fact, dyslexic. But fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an English test. Because they didn't start until 1964 with TOEFL, the American test of English. Now it's exploded. There are lots and lots of tests of English. And millions and millions of students take these tests every year. Now you might think, you and me, those fees aren't bad, they're okay, but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people. So immediately, we're rejecting them.

我想要提醒你们，扶持当代知识分子的这些“巨人肩膀"不必非得具有英文能力，他们不需要通过英语考试。爱因斯坦就是典型的例子。顺便说一下，他在学校还曾被认为需要课外补习，因为他其实有阅读障碍。但对整个世界来说,很幸运的当时他不需要通过英语考试，因为他们直到1964年才开始使用托福。现在英语测验太泛滥了，有太多太多的英语测验，以及成千上万的学生每年都在参加这些考试。现在你会认为，你和我都这么想，这些费用不贵，价钱满合理的。但是对数百万的穷人来说，这些费用高不可攀。所以，当下我们又拒绝了他们。 It brings to mind a headline I saw recently: "Education: The Great Divide." Now I get it, I understand why people would focus on English. They want to give their children the best chance in life. And to do that, they need a Western education. Because, of course, the best jobs go to people out of the

Western Universities, that I put on earlier. It's a circular thing.

这使我想起最近看到的一个新闻标题：“教育：大鸿沟”现在我懂了。我了解为什么大家都重视英语，因为他们希望给孩子最好的人生机会。为了达成这目的，他们需要西方教育。毕竟，不可否认，最好的工作都留给那些西方大学毕业出来的人。就像我之前说的，这是一种循环。

Okay. Let me tell you a story about two scientists, two English scientists. They were doing an experiment to do with genetics and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals. But they couldn't get the results they wanted. They really didn't know what to do, until along came a German scientist who realized that they were using two words for forelimb and hind limb, whereas genetics does not differentiate and neither does

German. So bingo, problem solved. If you can't think a thought, you are stuck. But if another language can think that thought, then, by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more. 好，我跟你们说一个关于两位科学家的故事：有两位英国科学家在做一项实验，是关于遗传学的，以及动物的前、后肢。但他们无法得到他们想要的结果。他们真的不知道该怎么办，直到来了一位德国的科学家。他发现在英文里前肢和后肢是不同的二个字，但在遗传学上没有区别。在德语也是同一个字。所以，叮！问题解决了。如果你不能想到一个念头，你会卡在那里。但如果另一个语言能想到那念头，然后通过合作我们可以达成目的，也学到更多。

My daughter, came to England from Kuwait. She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic. It's an Arabic medium school. She had to translate it into English at her grammar school. And she was the best in the class at those subjects. Which tells us that, when students come to us from abroad, we may not be giving them enough credit for what they know, and they know it in their own language. When a language dies, we don't know what we lose with that language.

我的女儿从科威特来到英格兰，她在阿拉伯的学校学习科学和数学。那是所阿拉伯中学。在学校里，她得把这些知识翻译成英文，而她在班上却能在这些学科上拿到最好的成绩。这告诉我们，当外籍学生来找我们，我们可能无法针对他们所知道的给予赞赏，因为那是来自于他们母语的知识。当一个语言消失时，我们不知道还有什么也会一并失去。

This is -- I don't know if you saw it on CNN recently -- they gave the Heroes Award to a young Kenyan shepherd boy who couldn't study at night in his village like all the village children,

篇三：拥抱他人,拥抱自己 TED 演讲稿

Embracing otherness. When I first heard this theme, I thought, well embracing otherness is embracing myself. And the journey to that

place of understanding and acceptance has been an interesting one for me, and it's given me an insight into the whole notion of self, which I think is worth sharing with you today. We each have a self, but I don't think that we're born with one. You know how newborn babies believe they're part of everything; they're not separate. Well that fundamental sense of oneness is lost on us very quickly. It's like that initial stage is over -- oneness: infancy, unformed, primitive. It's no longer valid or real. What is real is separateness. And at some point in early babyhood, the idea of self starts to form. Our little portion of oneness is given a name, is told all kinds of things about itself. And these details, opinions and ideas become facts, which go towards building ourselves, our identity. And that self becomes the vehicle for navigating our social world. But the self is a projection based on other people's projections. Is it who we really are? Or who we really want to be, or should be? 拥抱他人。当我第一次听到这个主题时，我觉得拥抱他人，就是拥抱我自己。对于我来说，通往理解和接纳的路是十分有意思的，并且让我对“自我”这一概念有了深刻的理解。我想这值得在今天和你们分享。 我们都有一个自我，但我并不认为这是与生俱来的。你看那些刚出生的小婴儿，他们认为自己属于任何事物，他们并不是脱离的。这种最基本的同一性会很快从我们身上消失，如同最初始的状态已经结束。同一性：婴儿期、未成形的、原始的，将不复存在，取而代之的是分离。在婴儿期的某一点，关于自我的意识开始萌芽。我们同一性的一小部分被赋予了一个名字，被告知关于它自己的任何事情。这些细节、观点和想法变成事实，这些都帮我们形成自我，以及自己的身份。然后这个自我就成为一个工具，用来探索周围的这个世界。但是这个自我实际上是一个以其他人的投影为基础的投影。这就是真正的我们吗？是我们真正想成为，或者应该成为的人吗？

I grew up on the coast of England in the 70s. My dad is white from

Cornwall, and my mom is black from Zimbabwe. Even the idea of us as a family was challenging to most people. But nature had its wicked way, and brown babies were born. But from about the age of five, I was aware that I didn't fit. I was the black atheist kid in the all-white

catholic school run by nuns. I was an anomaly. And my self was rooting around for definition and trying to plug in. Because the self likes to fit, to see itself replicated, to belong. That confirms its existence and its

importance. And it is important. It has an extremely important function. Without it, we literally can't interface with others. We can't hatch plans and climb that stairway of popularity, of success. But my skin color wasn't right. My hair wasn't right. My history wasn't right. My self

became defined by otherness, which meant that, in that social world, I didn't really exist. And I was other before being anything else -- even before being a girl. I was a noticeable nobody.

我于上世纪七十年代生长在英格兰的海岸边。我父亲是来自康沃尔的白人，我母亲是来自津巴布韦的黑人。对于许多人来说，是无论如何也想不到我们是一家人。但大自然自有意想不到的一面，棕色的孩子出生了。但自从五岁开始，我就察觉出我的格格不入。我是一个信奉无神论的黑人孩子，在一个由修女运转的白人天主学校，我是一个另类。我的自我在不断寻找一个定义，并试图将自己套入定义。因为自我都是愿意去融入，看到自己被复制，有归属感。那能确认自我的存在感和重要性，这很重要。这有一个极端重要的功能。没有一个对自我的定义，我们简直不能和其他人交流。我们无法制定计划，无法爬上潮流和成功的阶梯。但我的肤色不对。我的发色不对。我的来历不对。我的自我被他人定义，这意味着在社会上 我并不存在。我首先被定义为一个另类，甚至先于被定义为一个女孩。我是一个引人注意的没有人。

We've created entire value systems and a physical reality to support the worth of self. Look at the industry for self-image and the jobs it creates, the revenue it turns over. We'd be right in assuming that the self is an actual living thing. But it's not; it's a projection, which our clever brains create in order to cheat ourselves from the reality of death. But there is something that can give the self ultimate and

infinite connection -- and that thing is oneness, our essence. The self's struggle for authenticity and definition will never end unless it's

connected to its creator -- to you and to me. And that can happen with awareness -- awareness of the reality of oneness and the projection of self-hood. For a start, we can think about all the times when we do lose ourselves. It happens when I dance, when I'm acting. I'm earthed in my essence, and my self is suspended. In those moments, I'm

connected to everything -- the ground, the air, the sounds, the energy from the audience. All my senses are alert and alive in much the same way as an infant might feel -- that feeling of oneness.

我们创造了整个价值系统，以及一个客观的现实，用以支持自我的价值。看看由个人形象带动的产业，还有它提供的工作，以及它创造的价值。我们可能会假设，这个自我是真实存在的。但我们错了；这只是一个投影，是由我们聪明的大脑创造出来的，来欺骗我们自己无需面对死亡的现实。 但总有一些事，能赋予自我终极无尽的联系，那就是同一性，我们的本源。自我对于真实性和定义的挣扎永远不会停止，除非自我能够与创造者相连——与你，与我。这和意识的觉醒一同存在，意识到同一性的现实，以及自我的投影。一开始，我们可以想想那些我们失去自我的时候，当我跳舞时，表演时。我根植于我的本源，我的自我被抑制了。在那些时刻，我与万物相连——大地，空气 声音，观众的能量。我的所有感官都是警觉和鲜活的，如同一个婴儿感受到的一般——那种同一性的感觉。

And when I'm acting a role, I inhabit another self, and I give it life for a while. Because when the self is suspended so is divisiveness and

judgment. And I've played everything from a vengeful ghost in the time of slavery to Secretary of State in 2004. And no matter how other these selves might be, they're all related in me. And I honestly believe the key to my success as an actor and my progress as a person has been the very lack of self that used to make me feel so anxious and insecure. I always wondered why I could feel others' pain so deeply, why I could recognize the somebody in the nobody. It's because I didn't have a self to get in the way. I thought I lacked substance, and the fact that I could feel others' meant that I had nothing of myself to feel. The thing that was a source of shame was actually a source of enlightenment. And when I realized and really understood that my self is a projection and that it has a function, a funny thing happened. I stopped giving it so much authority. I give it its due. I take it to therapy. I've become very familiar with its dysfunctional behavior. But I'm not ashamed of my self. In fact, I respect my self and its function. And over time and with

practice, I've tried to live more and more from my essence. And if you can do that, incredible things happen.

当我表演一个角色时，我进入了另一个自我，我在一段时间内赋予其生命。当自我被抑制时，它的多样性和判断也会一同被抑制。我出演过许多角色，从奴隶时代想要复仇的鬼魂到2004年的国务卿。无论这些角色是多么的不同，他们全都与我相连。我诚恳地认为，我作为一个演员能够成功的关键，以及作为一个不断进步的人，是因为自我的缺失让我觉得非常焦虑和不安。我总是在想，为什么我能如此深切地感受到他人的痛苦，为什么我能辨认出一个被忽视的人。那是因为我没有一个自我挡在中间。我想我缺少一种介质，我能

够感受他人这个事实说明我感受不到我自己。这曾经导致了我的羞愧，其实是给我启蒙的源头。

Crucially, we haven't been figuring out how to live in oneness with the Earth and every other living thing. We've just been insanely trying to figure out how to live with each other -- billions of each other. Only we're not living with each other; our crazy selves are living with each other and perpetuating an epidemic of disconnection. Let's live with each other and take it a breath at a time. If we can get under that heavy self, light a torch of awareness, and find our essence, our connection to the infinite and every other living thing. We knew it from the day we were born. Let's not be freaked out by our bountiful nothingness. It's more a reality than the ones ourselves have created. Imagine what kind of existence we can have if we honor inevitable death of self,

appreciate the privilege of life and marvel at what comes next. Simple awareness is where it begins.

关键在于，我们尚未找出怎样与地球和万物一起，生活在同一性中。我们一直在疯狂地寻找怎样和数十亿的其他人一起生活。我们并非只是和其他人一起生活。我们疯狂的自我们在一起生活， 与他人的隔断也如同传染病一般蔓延。 让我们生活在一起，歇一口气，慢慢来。如果我们能进入那沉重的自我，点燃一支觉察的火炬，寻找我们的本源，我们和永恒以及万物的联系，我们从出生那天就知道的联系。我们无须因为大量的空虚而慌张。相比于我们创造出的那些，这空虚更加真实。想像我们能有怎样的存在方式，当我们正视自我不可避免的死亡，感恩生命的权利，惊异于即将到来的事物。这些都来自于简单的觉察。

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