篇一：英语语法——虚拟语气
魔法英语语法第三章 虚拟语气
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。
一、动词的语气
语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气
陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？
How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！
2.祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？
Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
A．真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
B．非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式：
与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语：were did
主句的谓：would (couldshouldmight) + do
与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语：had done
主句的谓：would(couldshouldmight) + have done
与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语：didwere
主句的谓：should dowould (couldshouldmight) + dowere to do
1． 表示与现在事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。
2．表示与过去事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去完成时，主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。
3． 表示在将来不太可能实现的条件
表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式：
① weredid
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。
If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。
② should do
条件从句中不管什么人称都用should do，可表示有偶然实现的可能性。
If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，庄稼可能就有救了。
We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是诚实的，那我们就相信他。 ③ were to do
条件从句用were + to do。这种形式比较正式，常出现在书面语中，其假设成份很大，实现的可能性很小。
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。
If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？
对比：
将来不太可能实现的三种非真实条件句中的虚拟语气对比
If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。（常用形式）
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性较小）
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）
C．省略if的条件句
在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should
放在主语前，用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）
Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）
D．错综条件句
虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
注意：
在很多情况下，我们也可以用was来代替当主语是第一人称或第三人称单数时的were。If were here tomorrow...
也可以说成：If he was here tomorrow...
I wish I were a bird.
也可以说成：I sish I was a bird.
但倒装句型中的were不可被was来替换。
Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我处在你的位置，我是不会干这件事的。 E．含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况：
1．条件暗含在短语中
He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well. 他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)
2．条件可根据上下文推理出
It would do you no good. 这可能会对你没好处。(条件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放弃这项工作的话)
They could have won. 他们本来是会赢的。(条件可能是if they had been patient 如果他们有耐心的话)
Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误完全能避免。（条件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一点的话）
Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you. 为什么你不告诉我？我会帮助你
的。（条件可能是if you had told me about it 如果你当时告诉我的话）
--- Did you go to see him yesterday 你昨天去看他了吗？
--- I would have, but someone dropped over to my house for a visit. 原想去的，但有人到我家来玩了。（条件是if no one had dropped over to my house for a visit 如果没人到我家来玩的话）
3．条件用其他形式来表示
She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. 她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。（条件通过连词otherwiseor表示出来 If she had not been ill...）
I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him. 我让他自己去那里，但也许我应该和他一道去。（连词but暗示条件）
Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do 假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办？（用supposesupposingproviding等词表示if）
To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well. 如果你同她交谈，你就会知道她的听力不好。（动词不定式带有假设的意思，相当于 If you should talk with her...）
Left to himself, he could not have finished the work. 要是放任他的话，他是不可能完成工作的。（动词的-ed形式表示条件 If he had been left to himself...）
提示：
在很多情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
You wouldn't know. 你不会知道。
I would like to go with you. 我愿意和你一起去。
三、虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法
虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句之中。
A．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
1．主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句通常用于“It is + 形容词名词动词的-ed形式 + that ...”结构。主语从句中是否用虚拟语气取决于所用的形容词或动词的-ed形式，其谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”（美国英语常省略should，只用动词原形）。
①表示建议或命令
It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我们在另一个时间见面。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。
It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。
②表示惊讶
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。
It is a pityshame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜，我应当在学校而不是躺在医院里。
It is natural that you should forget it first. 你起先记不住是很自然的。
必背：
常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词
形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等
动词的-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等
It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。
2．宾语从句
虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。
常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有：
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order,command
三个建议：suggest,advise,propose
四个要求：demand,require,ask,desire
①在suggest（建议）, order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command (命令)，request（要求），advise（建议）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形 （美国英语常省略should）。
The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。
They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。
比较：
动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示）He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）insist作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。（强调）
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）②在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。
一般过去时weredid 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。
过去完成时 had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。
过去将来时 wouldcould do表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。
I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示：
由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出错。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；hope表示“希望”，指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈述语气。
篇二：虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气
在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气 (Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如： How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。 虚拟语气的构成
虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表
1 语法辨析
Incorrect: If I was a girl， I would marry you
Correct: If I were a girl， I would marry you
表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。
Incorrect: If I were you I will not worry
Correct: If I were you I shouldn't worry
现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should 或would 加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。
Incorrect: God forgives you!
Correct: God forgive you!
这里的主语 God 是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加 s 是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是 forgive前有一助动词should， May 等，但在口语中将其省略了。如： May you be happy 祝你幸福。
Incorrect: If the weather was nice yesterday,
we would have gone to the zoo
Correct: If the weather had been nice yesterday， we would have gone to the zoo
因句中有 yesterday 一词即表示的是与过去相反的事实，即昨天天气很不好，我们也未去动物园，所以 if 条件句应用 had＋过去分词。
Incorrect: If it is was not snowing right now,I will go for a walk
Correct: If it was (were) not snowing right now， I would go for a walk
虚拟语态 be 动词作助动词时，则可用was来取代were， 如 was to。虚拟语态中的动词如果是表示正在进行之中也要用进行时态。
Incorrect: If you had taken my advice,
you would have been better now
Correct: If you had taken my advice,
you would be better now
这句话的意思是如果你以前要是能听我的忠告的话，你现在就会好多了。其条件句是与过去事实相反的虚拟句，而主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟句，这在语法书中叫做混合虚拟条件句。例如： If I had caught that plane， I would be dead now 即： The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed
Incorrect: He were you， he would go home at once
Correct: Were he you， he would go home at once
Correct: If he were you， he would go home at once
在虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，但if省略后其句子的结构要采用倒装语序。 Incorrect: Supposing your teacher saw you with me What does she think?
Correct: Supposing your teacher saw you with me， what might she think?
这句话中没有if条件句，但仍要用作虚拟语态。这里因为有些分词或介词短语，起到了从句的作用。这些短语有： without， providing, supposing， but for(you)…
Incorrect: To see the girl， you will like her
Correct: To see the girl， you would like her
这里的条件句是用不定式取代了。
Incorrect: I'm sorry I did have come here by car
Correct: I'm sorry I should have come here bycar
这里的条件句被省略了，其意为我真应该坐小车来。同样在句意不会混淆的情况下，主句也有时可以被省略，如：What if we should fail! (我们万一失败了如何)。 If he could do it, why not? (如果他能做，他怎么会不干呢?)
Incorrect: If the earth were (was) to turn from east to west， I will
give you this car as a gift
Correct: If the earth were(was) to turn from east to west I would give you this car as a gift
条件句中也常用were to 来表示说话者认为可能性极小或根本不可能的事。
Incorrect: If you'd have told him early， he would have passed the exam
Correct: If you had told him early， he would have passed the exam
非正式口语中往往听见外国人讲：'d have＋pp (过去分词)但仍没有人认为它是正确的句子，不易为我们效仿。
Incorrect: The little girl looked as if she would have seena ghost
Correct: The little girl looked as if she had seen a ghost
要注意的是 as if 从句中如果用虚拟语气，它的用法要与 if条件句的动词结构相同，即与现在事实相反动词用过去式，be 动词用were，而与过去事实相反的动词用had＋pp (过去分词)。另外更要注意的是，并非所有 as if 从句都要用虚拟语气。如： Itlooks as if it is going to snow (看天好像要下雪)即是真实条件句。 Incorrect: I should have come here early， but I had beenbusy
Correct: I should have come here early but I wasbusy
but 是转折连词，其后的句子是真实句，而不是虚拟句。
Incorrect: To tell the truth， I wish I know her address now
Correct: To tell the truth, I wish I knew heraddress now
wish的宾语从句中要用虚拟结构，与现在事实相反的条件动词要用过去式，be动词用were，与过去事实相反的条件动词要用had＋过去分词。如： I wished I had passed that exam
Incorrect: His homework was written badly
I wish he will do it better tomorrow
Correct: His homework was written badly
I wish he would do it better tomorrow
wish要用来表示对现状不满，希望将来有所改进，则要用would加动词原形。 并非wish不能表达真正的祝愿，但是不能接从句，而要用双宾语，或不定式， 如：I wish you luck (双宾语)
I wish you to be a good student
I wish to see her at once
Incorrect: I wish it will not be another failure
Correct: I hope it will not be another failure
Correct: I wish it would not be another failure
要注意 hope 与 wish 的不同用法。
2 例题解析
［例1］If he on tourists for his business， he would have to close his shop
A depends B will depend C depended Dhas depended
［答案］C． 这是与现在事实相反的假设。应译为：如果他仅靠旅游来做生意的话，他早就要关门了。
篇三：高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气用法总结大全
一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
二．虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动
词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无
论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别
三． 虚拟语气的其他用法
省
一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.
—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the
Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)
A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallen C. should fallD. were to fall
3. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001 上海春)
A. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored
4. You didn't let me drive. If we _____in turn, you_____ so tired. (NMET96)
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got
5. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国)
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
6. -----If he__________, he __________that food.
------Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (MET93)
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
7. If it_____ for the snow, we_____ the mountain yesterday. (MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life____ quite different today. (MET91)
A. is B. will beC. would have been D. would be
11. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
--- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34’)
A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended
12. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陕西 22’)
A. couldn’t have goneB. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
13. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. (天津15’)
A. had come B. was comingC. would come D. would have come
14. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of
last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
（2010浙江）
A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved
17. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.
---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my
（2010北京）
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
18. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010湖南)
A .followedB .should follow C. had followed D. would follow
20. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our
expense.(09天津 15) A. would B. shouldC. couldD. might
21. ------ Did you go to his wedding ceremony yesterday ?------- No. But I would if I had been free. (改错)
二．虚拟语气在名词从句中
1. — Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
— I wish theyalways late. （北京28’）
A. weren’t B. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
2. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (05 上海)
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is requiredD. It requires
3. —— Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
—— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)
A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
4. ① The chairman suggested that the meeting _________________(put off) until the next week.
② The look on his face suggested that he ____________(be) angry with what you did.
5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we （08山东）
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
6. The doctor recommended that you ____swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t(09浙江13)
7. ①The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.
A. had done, should be B. should do, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
②The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
8.The workers demanded that their wages ＿＿＿ by 20 percent.
A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raised
9. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿ over the river.
A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built
10. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play
11. It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿ back before the
deadline(截止日期).
A. be sentB. would be sentC. were sentD. must be sent
三． 虚拟语气的其他用法
1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ＿＿＿ your advice.
A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed
2. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______, too cold for us to live. (97 上海)
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly
3. It is necessary ＿＿＿ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return
4. It’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿ ?
A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home
5. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿ that you are not the most important person in the world
A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should be realizing
6. You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿ on business first.
A. would go B. will goC. wentD. have gone
7. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he
A .focus B. focused C. would focusD. had focused（2010江苏）
8. I have watched that movie——it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’tD. mustn’t （2010山东）
9. But for their help, we ___ the program in time. (09安徽34)
A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finishedD. could not have finished
10. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would winD. would have won (09福建35)
（08江西）
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
12. If it were not for the fact that she _____ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006 福建)
A. couldn’t B. could C. can’t D. might not
13. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits would be immediately cut off.(2006 湖北)
A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be
14. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995 全国)
A. breaksB. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken
15. ______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films often. (1995 上海)
A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not
16. What would have happened _________ , as far as the river bank? (NMET 2001 上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther C. if Bob walked farther
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