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成语,谚语,典故,歇后语的英语翻译

来源:免费论文网 | 时间:2016-09-27 17:44:58 | 移动端:成语,谚语,典故,歇后语的英语翻译

篇一:汉语成语、典故俗语、谚语与歇后语英译

本节为汉语成语、典故、俗语、谚语和歇后语英译。汉语成语,有时又称成语典故。本节将成语与典故分别处理,虽然二者难以截然分开。俗语、谚语与歇后语有时也统称熟语,这三种熟语在本节中也将分别处理。因此本节将分为五个部分:汉语成语、汉语典故、汉语俗语、汉语谚语和汉语歇后语英译。另外,无论是成语、典故,还是俗语、谚语、歇后语都有带数字的和不带数字的。由于本章单独设有汉语带数字的词语英译一节,故带数字的成语、典故、俗语、谚语和歇后语原则上不作为本节的内容。 上述五类汉语词语英译,是汉语词语英译的一大难题。虽不乏共性,但各有特点。成语、典故基本上是书面语言,俗语、谚语和歇后语基本上是口头语言。另外,成语与典故,尤其是典故,都有出典,俗语、谚语和歇后语虽也涉及典故,但数量较少,也更为通俗。汉语成语典故,四字格者居多,汉语俗语、谚语和歇后语中,四字格者如有也仅为凤毛麟角。如前所述,歇后语有自己的固定格式,酷似谜语。它们之间的这些差异以及下面将要具体阐述的其他差异都会反映到选择翻译策略的差异上。 翻译涉及的因素很多,既有语言层面的,也有文化层面的、时空层面的,还有译者与读者层面的,要翻译到没有斧凿之痕是很不容易的。因此翻译得是否到位,对译者而言,在很大程度上,是个是否尽了力的问题。从接受的角度看,翻译汉语成语、典故、俗语、谚语和歇后语,要尽量采用接受方读者喜闻乐见的形式,如果较多地采用异化译法,使读者感到难以卒读,就难以达到翻译的目的。另外,异化是一个循序渐进的过程,有赖于历史积淀,切忌急转直下。下面,我们将本着尽力的

原则,本着对读者负责的原则,以及上面的一些想法,对汉语成语、典故、俗语、谚语与歇后语英译分别予以阐述。 汉语成语英译如前所述,人们习惯上将成语与典故统称为成语典故,本节分而治之,先介绍汉语成语英译。《现代汉语词典》将汉语成语定义为“人们长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意义精辟的、定型的词组与短语。”《辞海》称之为“习用的固定词组”。许多成语词典或其他工具书,如倪宝元的《成语辨析》、《成语例示》,对成语都没有下定义,只是按照自己的理解决定取舍。我们虽不准备对成语下一个精确的定义,但选用的都是成语词典或其他工具书上收录的成语,是大家普遍认为比较典型的成语。 成语作为短语或词组在句中可担任一定成分,如主语、谓语(包括能愿合成谓语、判断合成谓语、兼语句谓语、连动句谓语等)、宾语(包括介词宾语)、定语、状语、补语和独立成分等,还可以分句的形式存在。但成语作为句子成分往往深埋在一定的层次中。从结构上看,成语可分为联合式、动宾式、主谓式、偏正式、连动式、兼语式、紧缩式等,如山盟海誓(联合式)、为所欲为(动宾式)、盛气凌人(主谓式)、泰然自若(偏正式)、投笔从戎(连动式)、引狼入室(兼语式)和脍炙人口(紧缩式)(倪宝元,1984)。成语的意义涉及的面很广,涉及到生活、语言、文化、历史等各个层面。 英译汉语成语是件很不容易的事,涉及语言、文化与时空,涉及这些因素的相互交叉,涉及对语言、文化、时空及其交互因素的跨越。一般说来,很难译出汉语成语的语言结构,只能译出意义,尤其难以做到既译出语言结构又译出意义。就是翻译意义,有时也往往难以兼顾本义与现

在人们通常使用的意义,因为从本义到现在人们通常使用的意义有一个变迁过程,在变迁过程打下了时空的烙印。汉译英中的跨语言文化因素,又增加了翻译的难度。下面我们选择20个浅近的汉语成语并对之进行英译。 如果既有本义又有现在人们通常使用的意义,我们先译本义,再译现在人们通常使用的意义,翻译之后对该成语的结构、本义与现在人们通常使用的意义等用汉语简要地予以说明。翻译本义时往往采用字对字的翻译方法,翻译现在人们通常使用的意义时,更多地考虑英语的行文规范。这样做,或许能使读者了解一点汉语成语意义演变的概貌,进而从一个侧面窥视汉语的思维文化。这种翻译方法,通常称为意译。一般说来,直译很容易使读者茫然。另外,汉语成语英译多采用意译,是因为英汉两种语言的成语,很少具有对应性。我们有时将kill two birds with one stone译成一箭双雕,严格地说,是很勉强的,所以后来多倾向于译成一石双鸟。像这样直译成语,在某种意义上属于巧合。因此,英译汉语成语时,我们很少选用具有一定对应性的英语成语。 ? 粗枝大叶 thick branches and large leaves; in doing things, do not take due care; careless or carelessly 粗枝大叶为联合结构,字面意义是,枝子很粗,叶子很大,很不精细。通常当马虎大意和粗心大意使用。 闻所未闻 hearing what has never been heard before; rarely or seldom heard of 闻所未闻为动宾结构,字面意义是听到了从未听到过的,通常用于指事理或论述的新鲜、奇特。 ? 盛气凌人 so arrogant as to impose oneself upon others; arrogant or domineering in manner

盛气凌人为主谓结构,字面意义是骄横傲慢以气势压人,通常与不可一世、咄咄逼人等词语同义。 ? 洋洋得意 extremely pleased as to be too proud; pleased and too proud; pleased to the extent of being too proud 洋洋得意也可以说成得意洋洋。洋洋得意是偏正结构,洋洋修饰得意;得意洋洋也是偏正结构,具体地说是动补结构,但依然是洋洋修饰得意。字面意义是满意到了骄傲的地步,得意到溢于言表。 ? 小心翼翼 particularly careful, extremely cautious 小心翼翼为偏正结构,翼翼用做补语修饰小心。翼翼的字面意义是多多,小心翼翼的字面意义是小心多多,使用时的意义为非常小心、特别谨慎,几乎有点过分。 ? 见异思迁 change one’s mind upon seeing something new; be inconsistent in inclination 见异思迁是连动结构,字面意义是见到了不同的东西就想丢掉原来的,换上那个不同的。主要用于描写人们容易改变主意,喜爱不够专一,有时用于描写男的喜新厌旧,见到了不同于妻子的女人就想“换片子”,当然也可以用来描写这样的女性。 ? 剜肉补疮 cut flesh to patch an ulcerate; take short-term measures to do something which requires long-term measures to be taken; to pull through a light crisis or solve a problem at the expenses of the future 剜肉补疮为连动结构,剜肉的目的是为了补疮。字面意义是,某人生了疮,为治疗这个疮竟然将自己的好肉割下来补上因生疮而烂掉的那块坏肉。人们通常用它来表达这样的意思:为了救眼前之急,竟然牺牲未来。 ? 调虎离山 lure the tiger so that it will leave the

mountain where it lives; lure somebody to leave his advantageous location so as to overwhelm him 调虎离山是兼语结构,字面意义是,想办法引诱老虎使它离开它所生活的山,因而使其失去地理优势,以便战胜老虎。此成语多用于指称战争策略。战争中,一方占据地理优势,另一方为了改变这种局面,故意引诱它离开占据优势的地方,以便使其失去优势进而战而胜之。 ?脍炙人口 sliced and roast meat is pleasant to everybody’s taste; poems and pieces of prose are so excellent as to please every reader 脍炙人口中,脍是切成精细的小片的鱼肉或肉,炙是烤肉。脍炙人口为紧缩结构,字面意义是,好吃的东西人人都爱吃,多用于比喻好的诗文令大家赏心悦目。 ? 昂首阔步 march with head raised stiffly; stride proudly ahead 昂首阔步为联合结构,字面意义为,昂着头大踏步向前迈进。用时多有意气风发、斗志昂扬的意思,有时略有态度高傲的意思。 ? 半途而废 stop halfway; give up halfway 半途而废为偏正结构,字面意义是,走到半路上就不走了,用时多比喻做事干到一半就<a name=baidusnap1></a><B style='color:black;background-color:#A0FFFF'>放弃</B>了,含有惋惜甚至责备的意思。 ? 不学无术 one is not skilled with anything due to the fact that he does not study well; be incompetent due to one’s ignorance; incompetent and ignorant 不学无术为联合结构,不学和无术间既可理解为并列关系,也可理解为因果关系。因此字面意义为,由于不学习而没有本领,也可以理解

篇二:成语谚语 英文翻译

The boot is on the other leg; The shoe is on the other foot.

好事多磨

The course of true love never did run smooth.

捷足先登

The early bird catches the worm.

倾国倾城

The face that lauched a thousand ships.

江山易改,本性难移

The fox changes his skin but not his habits.

兔子不吃窝边草

The fox preys farthest from his hole.

这山远见那山高

The grass on the other side of the fence always looks green.

牝鸡司晨

The gray mare is the better horse.

江山易改,本性难移

The leopard cannot change his spots.

五十步笑百步

The pot calls the kettle black.

海阔天高

The sky is the limit.

心有余而力不足

The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.

风声鹤唳

The thief does fear each bush an officer.

成王败寇

The victor is always justified.

弱肉强食/ 优胜劣败

The weakest goes to the wall.

行行出状元

There is a senior wrangler in every calling.

无风不起浪,事出必有因

There is no smoke without fire.

哀莫大于心死

There is no vulture like despair.

光阴似箭

Time speeds by like an arrow.

惊弓之鸟/ 谈虎色变

A burnt child dreads fire.

见微知着/ 一叶知秋

A feather shows the way the wind blows.

意外之财/ 一笔横财

a financial windfall

急风知劲草

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

千里鹅毛

A gift is cheap, but love is dear

钱能通神

A golden hammer breaks an iron door.

九牛一毛 be a drop in a bucket ~

年高德邵 be an statesman

花团锦簇 be blanketed with flowers

琳朗满目 be eye-catching ~

淋漓尽致 be in great detail; vividly and incisively

方兴未艾 be in the ascendant (福星高照,有旭日东升之势)

纤毫之细 be minute

行云流水 be natural and spontaneous; like floating clouds and flowing water 喜优参半 be/go through ups and downs

红颜薄命 Beauty is a fading flower.

秀色可餐 Beauty is a feast in itself.

色即是空 Beauty is but skin-deep.

东施效颦 Being butcher, don't imitate the piper.

杂而不精 Better be master of one than Jack-of-all-trades.

宁为鸡口,不为牛后 Better to reign in hell than serve in Heaven.

物以类聚 Birds of a feather flock together.

血浓于水 Blood is thicker than water.

恩将仇报 Bring up a raven and it will peck out your eyes.

盖棺论定

Call no man happy before he is dead.

老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼

Charity begins at home.

以牙还牙,以眼还眼

Claw me and I'll claw thee.

平生不做亏心事,半夜敲门心不惊

Clear conscience never fears midnight knocking.

挂羊头卖狗肉

Cry out wine and sell vinegar.

害人反害己

Curses come home to roost.

一了白了

Death pays all scores.

慎谋能断

Deliberate in counsel, prompt in action.

棋逢敌手/ 强中自有强中手

Diamond cuts diamond.

胆大心细

Discretion is the better part of valor.

己所不欲,勿施于人

Do to others as you would be done by.

虎父虎子

Eagles do not breed doves.

悖入悖出

Easy come, easy go.

虎落平阳被犬欺

Even hares pull a lion by the beard when he is dead. 智者千虑,必有一失

Even Homer sometimes nods.

生死有命

Every bullet has its billet.

天无绝人之路

Every cloud has a silver lining.

鸡犬升天

Every dog has its day.

后生可畏

Every oak has been an acorn.

卖瓜说瓜甜

Every peddler praises his own needles.

人莫不亲其亲

Everyone knows that he should show respect for his parents.

事实胜于雄辩

Fact speaks louder than eloquence.

望梅止渴/ 画饼充饥

Fine words butter no parsnips.

有备无患

Forewarned is forearmed.

傻人多福

Fortune favors fools.

得寸进尺

Give him an inch and he'll take a mile.

树大招风/ 人怕出名猪怕肥

God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb.

有备无患

Good watch prevents misfortune.

英雄所见略同

Great minds think alike.

聊胜于无

Half a loaf is better than none.

乐极生悲

He laughs best who laughs last.

吃得苦中苦,方为人上人

He that has no cross deserves no crown; No pain, no gain. 守株待兔

He that waits for chance is never sure of his dinner. 欲加之罪何患无词

He that wants to hand a dog is sure to find a rope.

虎头蛇尾

He who enters an a whirlwind will depart as an ant. 巧言令色鲜矣仁

He who gives fair words feeds you with an empty spoon. 近朱者赤,近墨者黑

He who lies down with dogs will rise with fleas.

最独妇人心

Hell hath no Fury like a woman scorned.

死有余辜

His life is not worth a year's purchase.

饥不择食

Hunger finds no fault with the cookery.

山穷水尽疑无路,柳暗花明又一村,否极泰来

If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

巧妇难为无米之炊

If you have no hand, you can't make a fist.

一犬吠影,百犬吠声

If you pull one pig by the tail, all the rest squeal.

好事不出门,恶事传千里

Ill news travels faster than good.

天下乌鸦一般黑

In every country dogs bite.

人莫不亲其亲

It has never been the case that man doesn't love his parents. 回头是岸

It is never too late to mend.

前车之鉴

It is well to profit by the folly of others.

祸不单行

It never rains but it pours.

天壤之别

It's all Lombard Street to a Chinese orange.

有一利必有一弊

It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good.

天下无难事,只怕有心人

It's dogged that does it.

十分有看头

It's really eye-catching/ magnificent/ spectacular

天网恢恢,疏而不漏

Justice has long arms.

人在矮檐下,不敢不低头

Kings have long arms.

言多必失

Least said, soonest mended.

门当户对

Let beggars match beggars.

别管闲事

Let sleeping dogs lie; Mind your own business. 事如春梦了无痕

Life is like a spring dream that vanishes without a trace. 有其父必有其子

Like father, like son.

滴水穿石

Little strokes fell great oaks.

家和万事兴

Love can turn the cottage into a golden palace. 情人眼里出西施

Love is blind.

爱屋及乌

Love me, love my dog.

未雨绸缪

Make hay while the sun shines.

君子谋道不谋食

Man does not live on bread only.

谋事在人,成事在天

Man proposes, God disposes.

积少成多/ 积腋成裘

Many a little makes a mickle.

团结就是力量/ 众志成城

Many hands make light work.

同病相怜

Misery likes company.

篇三:谚语成语之翻译篇

翻译经验技巧学习分享篇

翻译到底是什么呢?很多人也会有同样的疑惑;有人把翻译看作是一门科学,因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术 ,因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;那么,究竟翻译的寓意是什么呢?在中国的《现代汉语词典》中是这样解释的,翻译是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”。

第一篇:英语谚语的翻译技巧

谚语(proverb)是群众中广为流传的现成语句,它多是口语形式的通俗易懂的短句或韵语。谚语类似成语,但口语性强,通俗易懂,而且一般都表达一个完整的意思,形式上差不多都是一两个短句。当大多数谚语的比喻意义便于理解时,就应当尽可能地采用直译法;有些英语谚语与汉语谚语相近似时,则可采用套译法;

翻译谚语时必须牢牢把握住以下三点:一、英语谚语中出现的外国外国人名或地名不能照搬进汉语译文中,同样也不能使用包括中国人名或地名的汉语谚语去套译英语谚语;二、要注意译文文体的口语化,遣词用字要通俗易懂;三、译文既要讲究艺术性,也要讲究逻辑性。如:

骄兵必败 Pride goes before a fall.

差之毫厘谬以千里。A miss is as good as mile.差之毫厘谬以千里。

两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚无水吃。Two is company, but three is none.

开头不好,结尾必糟。A bad beginning makes a bad ending.

劣工咎器。A bad workman always blames his tools.

有些英语谚语意在言外,语言含蓄,喻意深刻。如果仅从字面意义直译成汉语,而不领会原文的具体含义及其效果,译文势必平淡无味。因此,在翻译时,应在汉语中寻找那些与原文喻意相同或效果相似的成语、谚语或俗语来表达,则会使译文形象生动,准确达意。如:

People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. 责人必先责己。

Murder will out. 纸包不住火。

One cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs. 有得必有失。

总之,像谚语这样孤立的语句,翻译时也需尽一番揣摩切磋之功,否则译文就可能与原文“貌合神离”,文不达意。译事艰辛也许正在于此。

第二篇:中国成语翻译,你知多少?

相信大家对于我们国家的成语的英文翻译了解得很少吧,现在,由翻译达人为大家总结一下中国成语的英文翻译吧。

鞭长莫及用英语怎么说?其实在英语里要表达鞭长莫及很简单,就是beyond什么什么之类的,比如beyond one's reach或beyond one's graspd等,例如:

1.从利比亚到不列颠的距离更远但不是鞭长莫及。

It's farther from Libya to Britain but not beyond reach.

2.其次,由于其全球的镜像服务器的存在使得任何正常法律制裁都鞭长莫及。

Secondly, it was beyond the reach of any normal legal sanction thanks to its global mirrored servers.

闭关自守用英语怎么说?闭关自守一般都指某个国家,所以英语翻译也跟国家有关:close the country to international intercourse。

闭关自守的经济是Closed economy,而一个闭关自守的国家a hermit nation,下面看几个例句:

1.With few other investment options in a closed economy, they put a big chunk of savings into real estate.

在一个闭关自守的经济中,由于几乎没有其它投资选择,中国人把大量储蓄投入了房地产。

比上不足比下有余用英语怎么说?有两种比较好的表达方法:

1.worse off than some, better off than many

2.to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst

这样的话,上面那句话:在些地方我不如人,但有些地方人不如我,比上不足,比下有余。

我们就可以直接用这两种表达方法来表达,即准确又简练。

本末倒置用英语怎么说?我们用put the cart before the horse来表示,你想想,马车,是不是马应该在前面,如果把马放在马车的后面,岂不是本末倒置了?例如:

1.如果你把由下至上的规划摆在由上至下的前面,那你就是本末倒置了。

If you put bottom-up planning ahead of top-down planning, you’re putting the cart before the horse.

2.第五,纾困行动本末倒置,在清理资产负债表之前,就注入资本和流动性。

Fifth, the bail-out put the cart before the horse by pumping in capital and liquidity before cleaning up balance sheets.

背道而驰用英语怎么说?背道而驰可以用run counter to来表示,例如:

1.我感觉到其中掺杂着宿命情绪和乐观情绪,但与我的想法背道而驰。

I sensed an odd mix of fatalism and optimism, which both run counter to my own views.

2.BPM就是要建立敏捷性,因此漫长的技术实施 与BPM的任务是背道而驰的。

BPM is all about creating agility, so lengthy technology implementations run counter to the BPM mission.

悲欢离合用英语怎么说?悲欢离合我们可以用vicissitudes of life来表示,例如:

1.So there are many stories of vicissitudes of life in the world every day.

所以这个世界天天上演着悲欢离合的故事。

2.It is precisely because a lot of harsh experience, level by level, as deposited to form played a prime time, all vicissitudes of life story.

正是由于很多残酷的经历,那样一层一层地沉积下来,组建起了青春年华里,所有悲欢离合的故事。

笨鸟先飞用英语怎么说?我们可以用A slow sparrow should make an early start或make an early start来表示,例如:

1.笨鸟先飞。你知道的,我在学语言方面比较笨。

A slow sparrow should make an early start. You know, I am not quick at learning any language.

2.虽然不是天才可是咱知道笨鸟先飞!

Our talent is not know but slow need to start early!

卑躬屈膝用英语怎么说?我们可以用bow and scrape cringe或cringe before sb.来表示,例如:

1.He cringed before a policeman.

他对警察卑躬屈膝。

2.So great is your power that your enemies cringe before you.

因你的大能仇敌要在你面前卑躬屈膝。

饱食终日无所事事用英语怎么说?用to eat the bread of idleness来表示,例如:

1.Besides, that would be all recreation and indulgence, without the wholesome alloy of

labour, and I do not like to eat the bread of idleness.

再说,那只不过是沉湎于娱乐消遣,没有一点需要苦苦开动脑筋的有益因素,我可不喜欢过这种饱食终日无所事事的生活。

饱经风霜用英语怎么说?我们可以用weather-beaten来表示,例如:

1.其中一个饱经风霜的骑手说:哦,我们在拉合尔的集市上买了自行车。

“Oh, we bought the bicycles in the bazaar in Lahore,” one of the weather-beaten riders replied.

包罗万象用英语怎么说?可以用all-embracing和all-inclusive来表示,例如:

1.你不可能提出一个包罗万象的建议。

You can not possibly make an all-embracing proposal.

半途而废用英语怎么说?我们可以用give up halfway或leave sth. Unfinished来表示,例如:

1.这项试验一定要搞到底, 不能半途而废。

We must carry the experiment through to the end, not give up halfway.

百折不挠用英语怎么说?我们可以用be indomitable来表示,例如:

1.We passed the kind of military servicemen should also be indomitable fighting spirit and indomitable fighting spirit.

我们经过军训也应有军人那种百折不挠的精神与坚韧不拔的斗志。

2.If machines knew as much about each other as we know about each other (even in our privacy), the ecology of machines would be indomitable.

如果机器之间能像人类相互了解一样(甚至在我们隐秘的时候),机器的生态学将不可战胜,百折不挠。

百闻不如一见用英语怎么说?我们可以用Seeing is believing来表示,例如:

1.While to an extent "seeing is believing", quite often it is what you don’t see that makes the difference.

尽管在某种程度上"百闻不如一见",但在相当多的时候,不为你所见的事情才起着决定性的作用。

百里挑一用英语怎么说?百里挑一直接的意思就是从一百人里面挑一个,英语里面类似,用one in hundred来表示,当然还有其他一些比较好的说法,请参考下面的例句:

1.她认为她的丈夫是百里挑一的好人。

She thinks her husband is a man in a million.


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