篇一：“愚人节”的来历与习俗
“愚人节”的来历与习俗
潍坊师范学校 鞠贵芹
每年4月1日，是西方也是美国的民间传统节日——愚人节。这一天人们可以开各种各样的玩笑，可以撒善意的谎，“骗”与“被骗者”最后都以哈哈一笑了之。
关于愚人节的来历有不同的说法。一种说法认为，在中世纪时，多数基督教国家都根据儒略历，把4月1日定为新年节日来庆祝，这一天，人们要互赠礼物致贺。十六世纪末到十七世纪初，法国率先改革纪年法，首先采用格里历，即目前通用的阳历，把1月1日作为一年之始。但一些保守的人士旧俗难改，反对这种改革，依然按照旧历固执地在4月1日这一天送礼品，庆祝新年。这个“新年”，便成了一个虚假的节日。有些爱恶作剧的人，干脆有意地把礼物也变成虚假的，举办假招待会，并把上当受骗的人称为“四月傻瓜”或“上钩的鱼”。从此人们在4月1日便互相愚弄，成为西方流行的风俗。18世纪初，愚人节习俗传到英国，接着又被英国的早期移民带到了美国。
另一种说法则认为，愚人节起源于一个希腊神话传说。农业女神得墨忒尔，有一个聪慧美丽、活泼可爱的女儿佩尔塞福涅。在爱神的撺掇下，冥王哈得斯不可遏止地爱上了佩尔塞福涅并抢走了她。得墨忒尔发了疯般地寻找女儿，但众神慑于哈得斯的威力，或者闭口不谈，或者撒谎欺骗她，使她找遍了每一个角落都见不到女儿的踪影。后来在太阳神赫利俄斯的帮助下，她才得以见到女儿。在这个故事里，得墨忒尔是一个十足的“傻瓜”。她不知道爱神的把戏，不知道哈尔斯的阴谋，又屡屡受众神所骗。此后，人们便据这个传说设立了愚人节，以示劝诫。
不管愚人节究竟来自哪个故事，它都无可遏制地成为人们喜欢的节日；而且约定俗成了各种看似荒诞的风俗。有的地方，在这一天人们会组织家庭聚会，用水仙花和雏菊装饰房间，用布景法布置出象圣诞、新年一类的假环境，互相“圣诞快乐”或“新年快乐”。还有的地方是举办别开生面的鱼宴：纸板做的彩色小鱼请帖，餐桌上小巧的钓鱼竿，挂着一条小鱼，或是装满糖果的鱼篮，作为礼物送给客人，而后饱食一顿百鱼宴。还有一种做假菜的风俗。青青的菜叶下也许是一瓶鸡尾酒，红红的西红柿色拉下面却可能卧着大盒冰淇淋。
随着时间的推移，愚人节作弄人的手法，也是花样翻新，新意百出。不过愚人节最典型的活动还是大家互相开玩笑，用假话捉弄“愚人”。这一天，人们可以无所顾忌地设计恶作剧捉弄人，甚至报纸、电台也可以报道假新闻，被骗的人也不会生气，反而认为自己是最幸福最有好运的人。而且被骗者还被赋予了许
多可爱的称谓，诸如在苏格兰冠以“布谷鸟”之美名，法国人则俏皮地称之为“四月鱼”，可能是取其如四月小鱼，糊里糊涂地见饵就吞，容易上钩之意。 节日是人类日常生活的精华，如一条条隔离带将冗长的、重复的日子，分成一个个“区域”，并通过一定的方式赋予它丰富美好的内涵，，表现人们的情感需要在某种程度上体现了文化的民族传统与地域特色。试想，紧张劳动了一年的人们，终日蹙眉凝神的人们，一年中有这样一天可以放下所有的禁忌，如淘气的孩童般任性一回，不也是别一种幸福与轻松吗？
篇二：愚人节的由来
愚人节的由来_愚人节的来历
2012-08-29 16:19出处：pcbaby作者：chenyin 责任编辑：欣欣 (评论0条) 导读：愚人节是什么节日?愚人节是西方民间的传统节日，现在也成为青年人中流行的节日。那么愚人节的由来_愚人节的来历是什么呢?各国在愚人节时又有什么习俗呢? 愚人节的由来 愚人节的来历 愚人节
愚人节也称万愚节，是西方社会民间传统节日，节期在每年4月1日。愚人节的由来_愚人节的来历与古罗马的嬉乐节和印度的欢悦节有相似之处。从时间的选择上看与“春分”(3月21日)有关，因为这期间天气常常突然变化，恰似是大自然在愚弄人类。这一天，人们以多种方式开周围的人的玩笑，但最晚只能开到中午12点，这是约定俗成的严格规矩。
愚人节的由来_愚人节的来历
追溯愚人节的起源，大约有下列几种：
1.1582年，法国国王查理九世决定采用新改革的纪年法——格里高利历，以1月1日为一年的开始，改变了过去以4月1日为新年的开端。但一些守旧派反对这种改革，依然按照旧的历法在4月1日这天送新年礼，庆祝新年。主张改革的人把守旧派这些做法大加嘲弄，在4月1日给他们送假礼物，邀请他们参加假的聚会。从此，4月1日捉弄人便流传开来。
2.据英国历史学家的考证：“愚人节”的起源乃是出于印度佛教那句“到达彼岸”的话。而英人百科全书里面则是记载着：“愚人节”乃是公元十五世纪宗教革命之后始出现的一个说谎节日。那时西班牙王腓力二世曾经建立一个“异端裁判所”，只要不是天主教徒就被视为异端，在每年四月一日处以极刑，也就是死刑。臣民们感到非常恐怖，于是每天以说谎取笑为乐，来冲淡对统治者之恐惧与憎恨。其后，沿用日久，演变为今日之“愚人节”。
3.相传距人类始祖亚当之后约一千六百五十年间，上帝以洪水来毁灭世界，但仅留下亚当的第三个儿子慧德的后代诺亚，他以一条人造的大船保全了一家大小的生命。洪水稍退之后，诺亚便放出一只白鸽，想探求一块洪水消退之后的陆地，因为这一天正好是四月一日。所以后人认为，在这一天去做一种毫无意义的事，就好像一只白鸽做了白工一样，行为愚蠢，为“愚人节”之起源。
4.据古罗马残籍记载：罗马在每年四月初举行“蔓姜会”，某年“蔓姜会”，主宰之神雪丽丝之女白洛赛苹娜在极乐园采摘水仙花时，遇见冥府王菩拉多，两人一见钟情，互相示爱，菩拉多便娶白洛赛苹娜为冥府王后，当他们两个返回地府时，菩拉多乃差使地府中之鬼怪发出吃吃之笑声，以愚弄雪丽丝，而雪丽丝果被愚弄，她乃循着声音的来源寻觅。因此，他们便以每年之“蔓姜会”为“愚人节”。
5.根据基督教徒的说法是：“愚人节”是为了纪念耶稣受难的日子，耶稣被钉死在
十字架之前，被迫到处奔走后人以四月一日这一天来纪念他此种无辜地被人活活钉死，其实含有警惕之意义。
6.愚人节与古罗马的嬉乐节(Hilaria，3月25日)和印度的欢悦节(Holi，到3月31日为止)有相似之处。
7.英国有一个民间传说，认为愚人节与一个名叫“哥谭镇”的城镇有关。传说在13世纪有这样一个传统，凡是国王巡视过的道路都会收归公共所有。哥谭镇的民众不愿失去他们的主干道，于是散布了谣言，希望能够阻止国王的巡视。国王遂派遣消息官前去打探，消息官到达村镇之后，发现满街都是疯傻之人。国王便放弃了巡视的计划。于是愚人节便由纪念哥谭镇镇民的谎言而来。
各国愚人节
美国
如今，每逢愚人节，不管对方是否相识，美国人都会开些小玩笑。在愚人节比较常见的把戏是指着别人的鞋子说：“你鞋带没系。”学生可能会骗同学说学校放假了。不管是什么样的招数，只要那个无辜的受害者中技了，恶作剧的人就会尖叫：“愚人!”苏格兰
在苏格兰，例如，愚人节实际上有 2 天的庆祝时间。第二天专门对人体身后的区域胡闹。这一天被称作Taily节。“踢我”迹象的来源可以追溯至此。
墨西哥
墨西哥的“愚人节”在 12 月 28 日。以前， 这一天是用来纪念被希律王(约公元前73至公元前4年)屠杀的无辜的孩子。后来演变成为包含恶作剧和诡计的纪念日。法国
4月1日在法国的传统，包括愚人节(字面意思是“四月的鱼”)，试图附加而不被发现的背上一纸鱼受害者。始建于其他国家aussi cette普遍的，意大利等(如长期“四月的鱼”，美国东部时间用于重新封装aussi到任意笑话白天做)。
伊朗
在伊朗，人们玩04月3日的波斯历新年(Norouz)第13天的相互开玩笑了。这一天被称为“Sizdah bedar”(户外十三)。据认为，人们应该走出去，在这个日子，以逃避13号(数字)坏运气，因为运气好，运气不好，或13。
英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰
在美国，英国，加拿大，澳大利亚和新西兰4月1日存在的传统，但大家都认为，如果有人中午12点后拉(中日)，那么这个人的伎俩其实是拉认为是傻瓜一个愚人节的
伎俩(这个警告可能也存在于其他国家)。
丹麦
在丹麦，5月1日被称为“少校，吉”的含义很简单：“五月至猫”，是相同的愚人节，虽然丹麦人也庆祝愚人节(“aprilsnar“)。
April Fools' Day is a day to play jokes on others, No one knows how this holiday began but people think it first started in France.
In the 16 th century, people celebrated New Year's Day from March 25 to April 1. In the mid—1560s King Charles IX changed it from March 25 to January 1. But some people still celebrated it on April 1, so others called them April Fools.
Each country celebrates April Fools' Day differently. In France, people call the April Fools “April Fish”. They tape a paper fish to their friends' backs to fool them. When he or she finds this , they shout “April Fish!”
In England, people play jokes only in the morning. You are a “noodle” if someone fools you. In Scotland, April Fools' Day is 48 hours long. They call an April Fool “April Gowk”. Gowk is another name for a cuckoo bird. In the America, people play small jokes on their friends and any other people on the first of Aprol. They may point down to your shoe and say, “ Your shoelace is untied.” If you believe them and look down to see, you are an April Fool then.
All Fool's Day, also known as April Fool's Day, is celebrated annually on the
first day of April. It is a time for the traditional playing of pranks upon unsuspecting people...the victim of such a prank being called an April Fool.
The origins of this custom are somewhat uncertain, but may have initially been
related to the arrival of Spring in late March, at which time Mother Nature is said to "fool" the human race with sudden and fickle changes in the weather...showers one minute and sunshine the next. The playing of practical jokes, however, dates back to Ancient Rome and such activities were an integral part of the Hilaria celebrations held on March 25, a celebration which would again appear to be associated with the coming of Spring and the Vernal Equinox, held to honor the resurrection of Attis, Roman God of Vegetation who was linked to the seasonal cycle. In England, an ancient legend states that April Fool's Day commemorates the fruitless mission of the Rook (or European Crow) which was sent out in search of land from Noah's flood-encircled ark.
It is generally accepted that the All Fool's Day tradition began in France during the
Sixteenth Century, when the beginning of the New Year was observed on April 1 and was
celebrated in much the same way as New Year is today with parties and dancing late into the night. At that time, the festivities ran for a week, beginning on March 25, and included the exchanging of gifts. In 1582, however, during the reign of King Charles IX, Pope Gregory introduced a revised calendar for the Christian world wherein the New Year fell on January 1. Since it took some time, possibly even years, for many people to even hear word of the change (communications being what they were in the Sixteenth Century) and since others obstinately refused to accept such reform or simply forgot, New Year's Day continued to be celebrated on the first day of April in many areas. Individuals who had accepted the dates of the new calendar played tricks on those who had not and referred to the unfortunate victims of such pranks as "April Fools," sending them on a "fool's errand" (an invitation to a non-existent party, for example) or attempting to make them believe that something which was true was actually false. Over time, this practice evolved into an annual tradition of April 1 prank-playing, eventually migrating to England and Scotland during the Eighteenth Century and thus, introduced to the American colonies by British and French settlers.
Some historians maintain that the development of All Fool's Day is linked to the medieval Feast of Asses or Feast of Fools, and the latter certainly was a most popular French festival. It does, however, seem unlikely that such a feast day was associated in any manner with the New Year in this instance, since such celebrations occurred at the time of the Feast of the Circumcision on January 1 which, during medieval times, was not the date of the New Year (under the Julian calendar, the New Year was celebrated in March). With the passage of time, it is far from easy to now distinguish between the Feast of Fools and the Feast of Asses, which may also have been celebrated in January. Many church dignitaries were honored on specific feast days during the Christmas season...the deacons on December 26 (Saint Stephen's Day), the priests on December 27 (Saint
John's Day), the choristers and mass-servers on December 28 (Day of the Holy Innocents) and the sub-deacons on January 1 (Feast of the Circumcision). Later, the feast of the sub-deacons was replaced by the Guild of Fools, the customs and buffoonery of which then became associated with the sub-deacons' festivities and most likely had their origins in earlier Pagan customs, such as the Roman Saturnalia (celebrated in December), when slaves were granted temporary equality with their masters. During the Feast of Asses, the preacher impersonated the Hebrew prophets while arguing the Divinity of Christ. This sermon evolved into a drama, including actors and a procession which incorporated the riding of an ass (most probably symbolized by a hobby horse) into the church. This lavish spectacle was greatly appreciated and enjoyed by the parishioners...so much so, that it eventually developed separately until the festival became known as the Feast of Asses and, in its turn, gradually became absorbed into the Feast of Fools. The Feast of Fools
was later outlawed by the Church in some areas due to the licentious behavior of the congregation during this time.
There is even speculation that All Fool's Day originated in the Hindu festival of Huli or Holi, celebrated in March to commemorate the defeat of evil. Originally lasting for five days, the modern version of this festival covers two days only. On the first day, a bonfire is lit and, on the second, people throw colored powder and water over each other. Holi celebrations are associated with the Hindu Demoness, Holika.
In many cultures, tradition dictates that the pranking period must expire at noon on April 1 and any jokes attempted after that hour will bring back luck to the perpetrator. In addition, any who fail to respond with a good humor to tricks played upon them are said to attract bad luck unto themselves. Such victims are, however, entitled to "turn the tables" after the hour of noon with the retort: "April Fool's gone past...and you're the biggest fool at last!" It should be noted that not all April Fool superstitions are negative. Males who are fooled by a pretty female, for example, are said to be fated to marry the girl...or at least enjoy a healthy friendship with her.
The style of April Fool's pranks has changed over the years. Sending unsuspecting parties on pointless errands was a particularly prized practical joke in the early history of the celebrations. Today, however, it is often a time of initiation rites into a club or group, especially by the adult population, and it is the children who appear to truly celebrate the day complete with its original sense of abandon. Otherwise, modern pranks tend to center more around bogus telephone calls and media-driven foolery. In sum, All Fool's Day is a "for fun only" observance...a time when nobody is expected to buy gifts, receive cards or spend money and there are no vacations from work or school. The primary force behind April Fool's Day jokes and pranks are that they should not be harmful but able to be enjoyed by everyone...especially the person upon whom the joke is played.
篇三：愚人节的由来中英文版
愚人节的由来中英文版
愚人节的由来英文版：
April Fools' Day 愚人节
April Fools' Day is a day to play jokes on others, No one knows how this holiday began but people think it first started in France.
In the 16 th century, people celebrated New Year's Day from March 25 to April 1. In the mid—1560s King Charles IX changed it from
March 25 to January 1. But some people still celebrated in on April 1, so others called them April Fools.
Each country celebrates April Fools' Day differently. In France, people call the April Fools “April Fish”. They tape a paper fish to their friends' backs to fool them. When he or she finds this , they shout “April Fish!”
In England, people play jokes only in the morning. You are a “noodle” if someone fools you. In Scotland, April Fools' Day is 48 hours long. They call an April Fool “April Gowk”. Gowk is another name for a cuckoo bird.
In the America, people play small jokes on their friends and any other people on the first of Aprol. They may point down to your shoe
and say, “ Your shoelace is untied.” If you believe them and look down to see, you are an April Fool then.
愚人节的由来中文版：
愚人节又称万愚节，已经有几百年的历史了。关于他的起源，众说纷云。其中最为流行的说法认为愚人节起源于法国。十六世纪的法国，人们在4月1日这天过新年，互赠礼物，举办晚会，庆祝新年。当时的庆祝方法与现在相差无几。1582年年，法国国王查理九世决定采用一种新的历法——格高利历法，新年改在1月1日。在新历法的推行过程中，各地仍有一些人或是不原意接受新历法，或是不知道这一日期的更改，仍然在4月1日这天过新年。其他的人便捉弄他们，赠送他们假礼物，邀请他们参加假庆祝晚会，骗他们去跑腿，或使他们对某种根本不存在的事情信以为真。这些受骗的人被称为“四月愚人”。
从此，人们在4月1日这一天便互相愚弄，日久天长，便成为法国流行的风俗。十八世纪初，“愚人节”的习俗传到英国。后来，随着英国移民又传到了美国。随着时间的流逝，这一习俗已经成为国际性节日，在欧洲、北美许多国家都流行。这一天，人们可以不拘一格地“轻松”一下。当然愚弄人的手法也是花样百出。
关于受愚弄的人，在不同的国家给予不同的称呼。大部分人都称他们为“四月愚人”。但有时，有的国家也有其他的称呼。在法国人们把上当者称为“四月鱼”，可能是因为四月里，鱼最容易上钩的缘故吧；而在英国的苏格兰，则称为“布谷鸟”，可能是指一只呆鸟吧。同时，有的国家虽然不过“愚人
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