篇一：中山纪念堂英文导游词
The Sun Yant-Sen Memorial Hall
Sun Yat-sen was the forerunner of the Chinese bourgeois democraticrevolution. He was born on November 12, 1886 in a farmer’s family in the Cuiheng Village in Xiangshan County in Guangdong Province. At the age of 12, he went to Honolulu, where his elder brother sent him to a missionary school. Later, he came back to Hongkong to sudy in a college of Western medicine and, after graduation, practiced medicine in Guangzhou and Macao. So, ever since he was a child, he had been influenced by the Western ideas of Christianity and democracy and this had helped him make up his mind to cure the ills of the old feudal China and turn it into a democratic and strong nation. At first, he had illusions about the Qing government and hoped to save this moribund regime through reforms. But, China’s defeats by foreign invaders and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government intensified his patriotic indignation. He decided that the Qing court was rotten to the core and must be overthrown and replaced by a democratic republic.
So, in 1894, together with some twenty Chinese shop-keepers and farm-owners in Honolulu, he established the first Chinese bourgeois revolutionary organization—the Society for the Revival of China. In the following spring, he returned to Hongkong and staged
the first armed uprising against th Qing Dynasty in Guangzhou; but it ended in failure. Then, in 1905, he went to Japan, where he founded China’s first political party called “China Revolutionary League”, which later developed into the Nationalist Party. Since then he had made successive attempts to topple the Qing regime and finally succeeded in the Wuchang Uprising that broke out in October 1911. The Qing regime was overthrown and he was elected the provisional president of the interim government of the Republic of China in Nanjing. This political power, however, was soon taken over by the warlords. Then in 1920, Sun Yat-sen came back to Guangzhou to set up a new government called the South Revolutionary Gvernment. In 1921, he proclaimed his extraordinary presidency in Guangzhou. In 1925, he died of illness in Beijing and was buried later in Nanjing.
Sun Yat-sen had devoted all his life to the cause of the Chinese democratic revolution, and the 1911 revolution he led had put an end to the feudal monarchy that had existed in China for several thousand of years. To commemorate his great contributions to the Chinese revolution, people of Guangzhou had this memorial hall built in 1929-1931, at the original site of the former presedential house of the South Revolutionary Government, which was burned down in 1922 by a rebel warlord,Chen Jiongming by name.
The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is an octagonal palace-like
reinforced concrete structure, 58 meters high with a floor space of 12 thousand square meters. It looks like a traditional Chinese palace in appearance but was constructed with modern architectural technique. In front of the hall stands a bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen, which is 5.5 meters high and weighs 3.9 tons. Up on the facade below one of the eaves is written Sun Yat-sen’s motto, meaning “China Belongs to the People” in English. Inside the building is a conference hall with a seating capacity of 3,238 people. And, thanks to the ingenious designing of the architect, the acoustics of the hall are excellent and there is no pillar to obstruct the spectator’s view because the eight pillars sustaining the four long-spanned steel trusses supporting the huge dormed roof, are hidden in the walls. Today, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is still one the main places for mass meetings or theatrical performances in Guangzhou.
At the back of the hall, there is a 2-storied building on each side. In the backyard are planted over 70 species of trees and flowers. Among them a kapok tree is already over 300 hundred years old and the two magnolia trees on both sides of the garden are over 70 years old These two mognolia trees are the oldest magolia trees in Guangzhou and have grown up to 90 centimeters in diameter, each giving a shade of over 200 square meters.
The magnificent Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall was designed by a
young Chinese architect, by the name of Lu Yan-zhi, who was born in Tianjin, graduated from the Qinghua University in Beijing and later studied architecture in the Cornell University in the USA. He died of lung cancer in 1929, at the age of 36, before the hall was completed.
篇二：中山纪念堂中英文
The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall
(Ladies and Gentlemen:
Our next destination is the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, as its name suggests, is a structure built in honor of a person by the name of Sun Yat-sen. Do you know who Sun Yat-sen was?)
Sun Yat-sen was the forerunner of Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution. He was born on November 12, 1866 in a farmer’s family in the Cuiheng Village in Xiangshan County (the present-day Zhongshan City) in Guangdong Province. At the age of 12, he went to Honolulu, where his elder brother sent him to a missionary school. Later, he came back to Hong Kong to study in a college of Western medicine and, after graduation, practiced medicine in Guangzhou and Macao. So, ever since he was a child, he had been influenced by the Western ideas of Christianity and democracy and this had helped him make his mind to cure the ills of the old feudal China and turn it into a democratic and strong nation. At first, he had illusions about the Qing government and hoped to save this moribund regime through reforms. But, China’s defeats by foreign invaders and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government intensified his patriotic indignation. He decided that the Qing court was rotten to the core and must be overthrown and replaced by a democratic republic.
So, in 1894, together with some 20 Chinese shop-keepers and farm-owners in Honolulu, he established the first Chinese bourgeois revolutionary organization – the Society for the Revival of China (the Xing Zhong Hui). In the following spring, he returned to Hong Kong and staged the first armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty in Guangzhou; but it ended in failure. Then, in 1905, he went to Japan, where he founded China’s first political party called “China Revolutionary League” (the Tong Meng Hui), which later developed into the Nationalist Party (the Guomindang). Since then, he had made successive attempts to topple the Qing regime and finally succeeded in the Wuchang Uprising that broke out in October 1911. The Qing regime was overthrown and he was elected the provisional president of the interim government of the Republic of China in Nanjing. This political power, however, was
soon taken over by the warlords. Then in 1920, Sun Yat-sen came back to Guangzhou to set up a new government called the South Revolutionary Government. In 1921, he proclaimed his extraordinary presidency in Guangzhou. In 1925, he died of illness in Beijing and was buried later in Nanjing.
Sun Yat-sen had devoted all his life to the cause of the Chinese democratic revolution, and the 1911revolution he led had put an end to the feudal monarchy that had existed in China for several thousand of years. To commemorate his great contributions to the Chinese revolution, people of Guangzhou had this memorial hall built in 1929-1931, at the original site of the former presidential house of the South Revolutionary Government, which was burned down in 1922 by a rebel warlord, Chen Jiongming by name.
The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is an octagonal palace-like reinforced concrete structure, 58 meters high with a floor space of 12 thousand square meters. It looks like a traditional Chinese palace in appearance but was constructed with modern architectural technique. In front of the hall stands a bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen, which is 5.5 meters high and weighs 3.9 tons. Up on the fa?ade below one of the eaves is written Sun Yat-sen’s motto, meaning “China Belongs to the People” in English (or literally “Let Public Spiritedness Rule under the Sky”). Inside the building is a conference hall with a seating capacity of 3,238 people. And, thanks to the ingenious designing of the architect, the acoustics of the hall are excellent and there is no pillar to obstruct the spectator’s view because the eight pillars sustaining the four long-spanned steel trusses supporting the huge domed roof, are hidden in the walls. Today, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is still one of the main places for mass meetings or theatrical performances in Guangzhou.
At the back of the hall, there is a 2-storied building on each side. In the backyard are planted over 70 species of trees and flowers. Among them a kapok tree is already over 300 years old and the two magnolia trees on both sides of the garden are over 70 years old. These two magnolia trees are the oldest magnolia trees in Guangzhou and have grown up to 90 centimeters in diameter, each giving a shade of over 200 square meters.
The magnificent Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall was designed by a young Chinese architect, by the name of Lv Yan-zhi, who was born in Tianjin, graduated from the Qinghua University in Beijing and later studied architecture in the Cornell University in the USA. He died of lung cancer in 1929, at the age of 36, before the hall was completed.
(Here we are. This is the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. We’ll stay here for 40 minutes and everybody please be back to the bus before 11 o’clock. Thank you!)
中山纪念堂
孙中山先生是中国伟大的资产阶级民主革命的先行者，1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县（即今中山市）翠亨村。他12岁时随兄去美国夏威夷读书，后回香港西医学堂学医，学成后在广州和澳门行医。孙中山童年时期起就受西方民主思想的影响，从小就矢志于把中国建成一个民主、富强的国家。他早期曾对清政府存有幻想，曾向清朝统治者提出革新政治的主张；但帝国主义列强对中国的侵略和清政府的腐败无能使他认识到，要振兴中华就必须推翻满清王朝，建立民国。1894年，孙中山在美国檀香山组建了中国最早的资产阶级革命团体兴中会；次年春天，在广州发动了旨在推翻满清王朝的第一次武装起义，但起义失败了。1905年，他又在日本成立了中国第一个革命政党同盟会（即国民党的前身），致力于推翻清朝的革命斗争，并最终于1911年发动的武昌起义中取得成功，建立了中华民国，孙中山被推选为临时大总统。但是，革命成果不久就被军阀袁世凯窃取；于是，孙中山于1920年回到广州，次年在广州成立了南方革命政府，他出任非常大总统。1925年12月，孙中山先生在北京病逝，葬于南京中山陵。
孙中山为中国的民主革命奋斗终生，他所领导的辛亥革命推翻了在中国存在了几千年的封建帝制；广州人民为了纪念他的功绩，在当年南方革命政府总统府所在地建造了这座中山纪念堂。原总统府在1921年被叛变的广东军阀陈炯明烧毁。
中山纪念堂于1931年10月建成。它是一座八角形的宫殿式钢筋混凝土建筑；在外形上具有中国传统建筑艺术风格，在结构上则采用了当时最新的建筑技术。纪念堂的主体建筑高58米，建筑面积1.2万平方米。大堂前面竖立着孙中山先生的铜像，高5.5米，总重3.9吨。大堂前面檐下悬挂着孙中山先生的名言：天下为公。大堂里面是一个能容纳3238名观众的大会堂；会堂内看不到一根支撑柱子，整个大屋顶由4个大跨度的大型钢桁架支撑，8根柱子都巧妙地隐藏在墙内。观众坐在大堂内任何一个座位都不会被柱子遮挡视线；而且，堂内没有回音，任何位置都能清晰地听到舞台上的音响。这种结构，充分体现出建筑设计师对声学和力学的巧妙运用。中山纪念堂至今仍是广州举行大型集会和文艺演出的主要场所之一。
大堂后东西两侧各建有一座两层的配楼，后院内种植着70多种树木和花卉，
其中一棵木棉树已有300多年的历史；两侧还有两棵白玉兰树，均有70多年的树龄，其直径达90厘米，树荫覆盖面均超过200平方米，是广州最大的白玉兰树。
中山纪念堂由中国近代杰出的建筑师吕彦直先生设计。吕彦直出生在天津，北京清华大学毕业，后赴美国康奈尔大学学习建筑，1929年在纪念堂落成之前因患肝癌病逝，时年仅36岁。
篇三：中山纪念堂导游词
中山纪念堂导游词
中山纪念堂是全国及广东省重点文物保护单位，是广州人民和海外华侨为了纪念伟大的革命先行者孙中山先生而筹资兴建的纪念性建筑物，由我国著名建筑师吕彦直先生设计，1929年动工，1931完成。
广州中山纪念堂是广州最具标性的建筑物之一，又是广州市大型集会和演出的重要场所。它见证了广州的许多历史大事：1936年，广州市各界人士在此举行禁烟大游行；1945年9月，驻广州地区的日本侵略军在这里签字投降解放后，每年各种纪念孙中山先生的活动、省市的重要集会和文艺演出都在这里举行，如教育基金百万行、广州国际集体婚礼、纪念毛泽东诞辰100周年、纪念红军长征60周年、纪念抗日战争胜利和世界反法西斯战争胜利50周年等等。
【孙中山纪念铜像】
堂前矗立着孙中山纪念铜像。在1945年以前，纪念堂只建有这个底座而没有铜像。在1945年春天，中山大学把校内的孙中山铜像借给纪念堂安放在这里。直到1956年，雕塑家尹积昌等人创作了孙中山的全身铜像放在这里，原来的铜像才送还给中山大学。尹积昌所造的孙中山铜像一共有4个，其中3个在广东。除了这一个之外，一个在黄埔军校，一个在中山医科大学，另一个在南京的中山陵。这个铜像的造型是有讲究的--孙中山的左手用三只手指叉腰，代表着"民族、民权、民生"三民主义，右手用五只手指拄着拐杖，代表着五权宪法。铜像寓意深刻， 可见创作者的心思是非常细密的。底座上面刻着国民政府建国大纲。上面写有三民主义、五权宪法和建党程序的具体内容。
【中山纪念堂的云鹤华表】
“云鹤华表”，高插云天，雄伟俊挺，它的八角形底座超过一个人的高度，柱顶祥云缭绕，显得气派非凡，庄严肃穆。云鹤华表上刻着许多奇怪的条纹，形状有点像龙。上面有许多鹤飞来飞去，这就是起这个名字的原因。
【陶鼎】
在纪念堂大堂正门两侧，分别摆放着两个鼎，分别于1929年6月1日和1930年10月10日在石湾陶制，花盆正面刻有“总理遗嘱”的内容。已有近80年的历史。据介绍，在“文革”时期，因为“破四旧”运动，两个鼎上面的“民国”等字样被人弄掉了。纪念堂当时的老馆长，为了避免损坏了古鼎，带领几个壮劳力，在半夜三更将它们埋进了东边的草地里，当作绿化用的(大粪)肥料池保护起来。“文革”结束以后，再挖出来向游客展示，为了更好保护鼎，于2006年在鼎外增加了玻璃罩。
【白兰树】
中山纪念堂不仅有广州最老的木棉王，它还有广州最大的两棵白兰树。它们是纪念堂奠基（1929年）、竣工（1931年）时栽下的，它们与纪念堂一起度过了半个多世纪的坎坷岁月，终年常绿、亭亭如盖的碧绿树冠可荫地数百平方，如同两个高大忠勇的卫士守卫着纪念堂。每年的初夏（6月）和深秋（10月），浓香四溢、洁白无瑕的小花挂满枝头，香飘数里，象征着革命先行者孙中山先生的丰功伟绩万古流芳。
【中山纪念堂主体建造】
中山纪念堂是一座宏伟、壮丽的八角形宫殿式建筑。整座建筑面积约为3700平方米，，高49米。由前后左右四个宫殿式重檐歇山抱厦建筑组成，就像四层卷叠的龙脊，组成一个整体，拱托出中央巨大的八角形攒尖式屋顶。重檐歇山顶的中央，高悬着一块蓝底红边的漆金大匾，上面有孙中山手书的“天下为公”4个大字，雄浑有力。正面檐下，内外各八根大可三人合围的朱色水磨大石柱，拱托着彩绘的磨水石米斗拱、花梁和拼花图案的天花板，做工精细。那五盏巨大的长方形挂重穗嵌玻璃
中山纪念堂的金顶呈椭圆形、高达3.79米，直径最大处有4.075米。这么一个巨大的熠熠生辉的金顶表面，全部使用黄金镶贴，共用了从香港
购进的质量上乘的金箔36166张，折合重量0.92公斤。除了金顶外，“天下为公”字匾、总理遗嘱、建国大纲、奠基石字体、也都是用金箔镶贴的。
纪念堂的建筑结构非常巧妙，很多人都以为纪念堂是全木结构，其实，它是由钢筋混凝土构成。地面到堂顶高58米，南北各宽71米。观众席分楼上楼下两层，有8座楼梯，11个进出口，共有5000个座位。那么各位可能很惊讶，这么大的大堂，怎么会看不到一根柱子支撑顶盖呢？原来这里共有8根柱子，但都藏在周围的内墙里，支撑着顶盖的8个角。这顶盖分3层，上层是一个乳黄色的弧形圆顶，中层开了玻璃天窗，下层是装饰用的云纹色彩的斜形方格。即使没有开灯，整个纪念堂都十分光亮。光线就是通过玻璃天窗射入堂内，使整个会堂不用亮灯也光线充足。由 由于柱子都藏在墙里，观众无论坐在哪个位置，观看舞台的视线都不会受阻；而且堂内没有回音，即使你坐在最远的角落，都能清晰地听到舞台的音响，这些都是纪念堂设计巧妙之处。纪念堂是当时中国最大的会堂建筑，也是将中国传统建筑形式用于大体量的会堂建筑的大胆而成功的作品。
大堂内舞台宽19米，深15米，讲台后墙中间镶有孙中山的浮雕头像和《总理遗嘱》刻石，这是由汪精卫所写的。遗嘱之中有一句"革命尚未成功，同志仍须努力"是大家早已熟悉的名言。
中轴对称，前堂后碑：以中山纪念堂主体建筑、孙中山铜像和南门楼为中轴线，园内景观呈对称分布。主体建筑与越秀山上的中山纪念碑遥相呼应，突破中国传统"前碑后堂"的形制，形成"前堂后碑"的格局，使整体建筑既显得气势雄伟，又错落有致。
中西合璧，建筑杰作：中山纪念堂的主要建筑特点表现为古为今用，洋为中用。外观上，以清代建筑为蓝本，充分体现中国民族特色，古建筑的精华随处可见；结构 上，运用西方力学原理，采用先进的钢结构建筑技术，突破了大空间建筑受中国传统木结构的限制。中山纪念堂以建筑的精神美与技术美，奠定了中国近代建筑史上 独一无二的地位。
纪念堂的建筑吸收了我国传统建筑的优秀元素，整体呈现恢宏壮美、金碧辉煌的特色。从屋头檐角的细部装饰处，均体现这一特质。
纪念堂飞檐飘卷，所使用的琉璃瓦制作精致美观。这与吕彦直所设计的另外一部作品--南京中山陵颇不一样。中山陵上所使用的，是钢制的瓦，以期其能永久。但中山纪念堂选用了孙中山先生生前最喜爱的宝蓝色琉璃瓦作为主色调，不能不说是煞费了一番苦心的。1963年，中山纪念堂曾经进行了一次大规模的翻修，特别从广东佛山的石湾定制了宝蓝色琉璃瓦，重盖了堂顶瓦面，在保留原有图案的基础上进行了翻新。
檐角的云水花纹、斗拱上的装饰图案、檐头的钟形铁马，梁上的"d"字图形，也都极富民族特色。在维修中，翻新的方法是传统的，材料却是现代的。纪念堂外的彩画除了进行常规的补缝补色外，还采用硅化防水剂进行保护，这就像在外面蒙上了一层保护膜。堂内则使用了防霉防潮的新油漆，有些材料甚至是进口的，以保证能对彩画起到更好的保护。
纪念堂正门檐下悬挂的五盏巨大的长方形挂穗嵌玻璃青铜大吊灯，除玻璃外，全部以生铁铸成，甚至边底部垂下的绦穗，也是由生铁铸就的。 中山纪念堂所采用的彩色陶质道板砖及外墙装饰毛面砖，是原上海泰山砖瓦有限公司首创，并成为中国首批享有专利的产品之一。美观端庄、自然质朴、经久耐用、具有吸音、吸光、抗冻、永不褪色的独特效果，被誉为“泰山砖”。和中山纪念堂一样，解放前营造的上海大厦、上海国际饭店、锦江饭店、上海青年会、天津章华东南亚，都采用了这种高强度耐磨磁砖。
从空中俯视，纪念堂呈外突的伞型结构，青砖蓝瓦蓝象征着孙中山先生当年设计的青天白日，实在令人瞩目。老辈人口耳相传说，曾有风水先生杜撰了一个故事，说纪念堂像一个张牙的虎头，背后的越秀山是虎身，山顶的纪念碑是高竖的虎尾，这只匍伏的大虎正对着临江的那头白羊（石室），于是人们怕羊城不祥，便在虎后装了一粒宝珠（球形水塔），才把它锁住了。
兴建这个中山纪念堂，加上越秀山顶的那个孙中山纪念碑，各项费用总造价超过300万银元。也许生活在我们这个时代的人对银元的价值了解不多，但是在当时，一个银元就可以买到40斤大米，而我们现在买40斤大
米大约需要60块钱人民币，换算一下，一个银元等于60元人民币，那300万银元就是1.8亿元人民币。可见，这在当时也是很高的造价。
【木棉】
木棉作为市花，无人不晓。"十丈珊瑚是木棉，花开红比朝霞鲜，天南树树皆峰火，不及攀枝花可怜。"（明·屈大均）。 广州最老的木棉树就在中山纪念堂，木棉王有320多岁了。上千岁的古樟树在很多地方都有，但这么高寿的木棉树在广州却并不多见，所以叫“木棉王”。这株老树亲眼目睹了满清王朝的腐朽堕落；亲眼目睹了广州起义的惨酷壮烈；亲眼目睹了孙中山的百折不挠；亲眼目睹了陈炯明的叛乱；亲眼目睹了身旁的总统府被夷为平地后又建起了一座全新的纪念堂；亲身经历了叛军的炮火和日本侵略者往它身下投下的炸弹。风走云飞，星流人逝，老树还依旧静静站立，夜长人静时细细品味着数百年的风霜。 有趣的是，“木棉王”的中间部分，枝节向两侧伸出，很像一位历尽沧桑的老母亲，伸开双臂，向着远方在呼唤：“归来吧！孩子。
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