篇一:文献综述-论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度
On the Different Attitudes of Pecola and Cholly Towards Black Culture
in The Bluest Eyes
论《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉和乔利对黑人文化的不同态度
Literature Review
Abstract: Toni Morrison is a renowned black woman writer in America. Most of her works are about the miserable life of black people in America. As Toni Morrison’s first and most famous novel, The Bluest Eye established her literary reputation in America black literature. During many years, people outside and inside have made many researches on The Bluest Eye from different aspects, such as such as the tragedy of Pecola, the reasons of her tragedy, the meaning of black community, the contrast of Pecola’s and Claudia’s fate, and so on. This article tries to analyze the author, work and others’ comments and points out this paper’s significance.
摘要:托尼·莫里森是美国著名的黑人女作家。她的大部分作品是关于美国黑人的痛苦命运的。《最蓝的眼睛》是托尼·莫里森的第一部也是她最有名的一部作品,它确立了托尼·莫里森在美国黑人文学中的文学地位。多年来, 古今中外从不同角度对《最蓝的眼睛》的研究颇多,比如关于佩科拉悲剧,她悲剧的原因,黑人社区对黑人的意义,佩科拉和克洛迪娅的命运对比,等等。本文通过对作者,作品和外界的评论分析,指出自己目前所研究课题的意义。
Toni Morrison, born in 1931, is one of the most influential American black woman writers. The Bluest Eyes in 1970 was her first novel and 30 years later it established her literary reputation in American black literature. Then, Toni Morrison went on exploring life of black people, especially the suffering of black women. In 1973, she created Sula, which shows rebellion spirit of black people. In 1977, she finished her most famous Song of Solomon. Her work Beloved in 1987 had won Pulitzer Prize. In the 1990s, Toni Morrison had her long novels Jazz and The Paradise published. Toni Morrison’s works unveiled the paradox and conflicts between white civilization and black tradition with the big background of American racist oppression and tried to find out ways for black people to get free. In her works, Toni Morrison made use of black folk literature and legend myths to create a different atmosphere, and also learned from the writing methods of Magicalism to give the environment and characters a mysterious coloring. Her diction is quite colloquial and dialogues between characters are very vivid. All these characteristics made Toni Morrison the representative of American black literature. She won the Nobel Literature Prize in 1993,being the only black woman writer who has won it. She was devoted to protect and develop black culture. All her works are created to expose black people’s history, fate, and spiritual world. And certainly she had influenced black people a lot and was sincerely respected by people.
The Bluest Eye as a representative novel by Toni Morrison has its special significance. Instead of focusing much more on the suffering of black people in America just like other works do, The Bluest Eye pays more attention to show that under the impact of white people’s culture black people should rely on themselves to change their fate. It plays a very important role in black people’s struggle against racial prejudice and discrimination.
As the first novel of Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eyes tells a story about a 11-year- old black girl named Pecola. Because of her black appearance, her mother, who appreciated anything of white people, hated her a lot. Her classmates and teachers played tricks on her, bullied her. Even the owner of the candy shop would not take a glance at her and avoided touching her ugly black hands when she paid. Pecola felt very sad and inferior. She thought that only when she became beautiful like a white girl, or at least had a pair of beautiful blue eyes, she would be loved and respected. For black girls at that time generally believed that “Black people with blue eyes are most beautiful.” Pecola wished to have a pair of blue eyes day and night. She spent all her pocket money buying candies advertised by Mary.Janes,a beautiful white girl with big blue eyes. She liked drinking milk in Shirley Temple’s glass3.
Pecola thought she would own a pair of blue eyes once she ate candies and used glass with white girls on them. However, there was a great contrast between sweet dreams and the ugly and cruel reality. Pecola failed to make her dream come true. Instead, she was raped by her own father and became pregnant, falling into a more miserable situation. The conflicts between dreams and reality made Pecoal insane. She had an illusion that she had got a pair of very beautiful eyes, which was the bluest, but her life stayed the same miserable.
The Bluest Eyes describes black people’ soul twisted under the impact of white culture. It tells us black people will suffer from confusion and insanity if they take white culture and white people’s way of life. They will be lost in white culture if they abandon black culture. Black people should be both politically and economically independent and make their life better.
According to Winthrop D. Jordan, in his book White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. racism did not initially drive the colonists to enslave blacks. Slavery was just recognized as one labor system. American white people’s attitudes toward black people originally came from the English attitudes of Africans. But Jordan suggests that the English were more interested in slavery as the most efficient form of labor available to them and not necessarily as a way to exercise their preconceived notions concerning the inferiority of Africans. Unlike English people, white people in America appealed to innate, hereditary inferiorities that could never be erased just in order to keep the black slave. As Jordan points out that hardening of slavery and the separation of free and religious Negroes from the white community in virtual lockstep with economic changes, with the integration of the unified nation, with the course of antislavery, and with the pattern of slave rebelliousness. Just like in The Bluest Eye, white people forced black people to receive their white culture through different ways. Their prejudice and discrimination against black people not only made black people suffer a lot but also prevented America from true unification and better development. Though Jordan failed to point out what slaves possibly brought into the institution when he took a look at African culture, his research has provided a good foundation upon which to build a history of the origins and development of American slavery.
Huang Yi has made some research on The Bluest Eye from the impact of white culture on others. As she points out in a periodical, the impact of white people’s culture is mainly through education of primary schools and media such as films and TV series. Just like what is written in The Bluest Eye, Pecola is discriminated in school by teachers and bullied by classmates because of her blackness. Even some black people who are a little whiter than her
look down upon her. Thus self-hatred is aroused in her deep heart and she makes up her mind to change her appearance. Finally Pecola totally abandons her identity as a black. Pecola thinks if only she gets a pair of the bluest eyes she will live a happy life just as white people do. But what is waiting for her ahead is a even more miserable situation. She should have stood up to face the impact of white culture just as Claudia and her family did. With regard to Pecola’s final tragedy , Huang Yi dug out the importance of black people’s being culturally independent. But she failed to mention another tragedy. That is Pecola’s father, Cholly. Under the impact of white culture, he was totally confused with what he should do with white culture.
In an article written by Zhang Hongwei, she analyzed The Bluest Eye from a cultural perspective. She mainly analyzed three aspects of culture presented in the novel. They are aesthetic value, sex culture and belief of God. Compared with Pecola’s being lost in white culture, Cholly took a positive attitude toward his wife’s and his daughter’s blackness and he loved her wife very much before she changed. So she turned his love to his daughter and his ripping her led to his final tragedy. But Cholly was influenced a lot by white people’s culture when he made love with a girl for the first time. He was forced to continue making love under the observation of the two white people. He was very angry. Cholly’s anger shows his cultural awareness in his deep mind. But he fears white people. He fears their white culture. But he does not want to give up his own culture, either. He is weak. He is not brave enough to fight against white culture. Cholly chose to drink to escape the reality.
A lot of researches have been made on the reasons of Pecola’s tragedy., such as Ding Yan’s article, The Origin of Pecola’ Tragedy in The Bluest Eye. In the article, Ding Yan analyzed three reasons responsible for Pecola’s tragedy. They are the impact of white people’s culture, her family’s failure to provide love, and education. But she failed to point out the failure of black community which should help black people build their own identity.
There is no even a piece of research about the tragedy of Cholly and different attitudes of Pecola and Cholly’s towards black cultureamong the researches. And I think further researches should be made on Cholly.
Based on these people’s researches and views, this paper finds its own theme, which is on the different attitudes of Pecola and Cholly towards their own culture. In this paper, it concludes introduction, their different attitudes and reasons and conclusion. Here, this paper offers its own views on the novel. In this paper’s introduction, this paper introduces the present research situation and this paper’s main task and purpose. And then it gives a brief
introduction to Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye. In the attitudes part, it mainly analyzes Pecola’s and Cholly’s attitudes by showing some details found in the novel. In the reasons of their different attitudes, it mainly analyzes from society, family and education. These three factors have great efforts on their forming different kinds of attitudes. In the part of conclusion, it mainly points out that neither should black people abandon their own culture nor should they hold a confusing attitude. Different people may have different culture. What black people should cry out to fight against the impact of white culture and try to form their own characteristics and stick to their own culture.
In a word, great efforts have been made to complete this paper. From varies of literary comments on The Bluest Eye, one can learn how to appreciate literature. Furthermore this paper will make more people better understand Pecola and Cholly’s attitudes and pay more attention to Cholly’s tragedy.
篇二:浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的叙事艺术
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193 《愤怒的葡萄》中圣经的象征和隐喻
194 The Analysis of Surreal Symbolism in Shelley’s Poetry
195 《榆树下的欲望》之农场意象--基于生态女性主义的分析
196 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的叙事艺术
197 从《老人与海》中看海明威的人生哲学
198 论《了不起的盖茨比》中二元主角的运用
199 An Analysis of Marguerite’s Tragedy in The Lady of the Camellias
200 《了不起的盖茨比》中象征主义的研究
篇三:试析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉悲剧之源
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文,都是近期写作
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42 翻译腔成因浅探 论《野性的呼唤》中对人和自然和谐的呼唤 旅游景点标志翻译初探 英语谚语的民族性及其艺术特色 中西方茶文化对比研究——以红茶为例 《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白的性格分析 大学生英语自主学习影响因素分析 Paradox in American Culture: Mainstream and the Trend of Multiculturalism 从唐诗不同译本看数字词汇翻译得与失 艾米莉?狄金森诗歌中的动物意象研究 Cultural Differences in the American-Context Chinese Movies 用目的论理论研究英汉电影名翻译 美国电影中英雄主义主题的时代演变与启示 中西方文化中家庭观念差异研究——以电影《推手》为例 从习语翻译看文化空缺 新闻英语标题的特点和翻译 英语新闻标题的前景化 精神之光——《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人的人性解析 外语学习焦虑与口语成绩的相关性研究 论简奥斯汀小说中的反讽艺术 论《瓦尔登湖》的生态伦理意蕴 英语广告中仿拟的关联分析 The Analysis of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter 中西方酒店文化比较与探讨 The Glossology and Translation of Rhetorical Devices of Harry Potter A study on Lin Yutang’s Translation standards:faithfulness,fluency and beauty 论礼貌原则在国际商务信函的应用 影响中学生英语学习的心理因素分析 浅谈《圣经》对英语习语的影响 从电影《阿凡达》透视美国文化 论图片和卡片在中学英语教学中的合理应用 浅谈“白色”在英汉语言中的文化差异及其翻译策略 从美学角度浅谈英文电影片名的翻译 高中生英语学习成败归因现状调查及对策 分析《傲慢与偏见》与《简爱》中觉醒的女性意识 The Influence of The New Policy of Export Tax Rebates 宗教在世界战争史中扮演的角色 以《热血强人》为例分析美国黑白种族的融合 海明威文学创作中主题的转折点——《乞力马扎罗的雪》 An Analysis of Ecological Ideas in Walden 美国梦的矛盾心理-伟大的盖茨比主题分析 浅析造成盖茨比悲剧的因素
43 《围城》所反映的中西文化差异分析
44 《紫色》中“家”的解读
45 国际贸易往来电子邮件写作原则
46 中西方茶文化对比研究——以红茶为例
47 英语词汇中的性别歧视现象及回避方式
48 《老人与海》中的象征主义
49
50 从多视角比较《论读书》的两个译本
51 从女性主义视角分析《贵妇画像》中女主人公伊莎贝尔的选择
52 话语标记Well的语用功能
53 国际商务谈判及其谈判风格
54 中西方传统习俗的对比研究——出生礼,婚礼,葬礼
55 “It be Adj of sb to do sth”中形容词语义的构式语法研究
56 不同IT企业官网英译现状调查
57 《呼唤》中倒装句汉译策略研究
58 委婉语探究:起源、构成、交际功能
59 《远离尘嚣》中女主角的情感变迁研究
60 The Pervasive Agitation of Humbert in Lolita
61 对《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳的悲剧性分析
62 不可避免的命运—对《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的后现代分析
63 从谷歌和百度两大企业的管理方式看中美企业文化的差异
64 美国战争电影的人性和文化透视--以《拯救大兵瑞恩》为例
65 反译法在英译汉中的应用
66 中英手机短信的修辞特点分析
67 简爱性格研究
68 亚哈与桑提亚哥人物的对比研究
69 《善良的乡下人》的喜剧性分析
70 中西方对"死亡教育"之态度的对比研究
71 浅析英语委婉语
72 Strategies of Activating Middle School Classrooms for Effective English Learning
73 An Ecofeministic Approach to Ernest Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants”( 开题报告+论文+文献综述)
74 从《肖申克的救赎》看美国的个人英雄主义
75 《嘉莉妹妹》之女主人公新女性形象分析
76 女性主义翻译研究——《简?爱》两种中文译本的比较
77 Love and Death in The Awakening
78 德伯家的苔丝中人类的欲望——悲剧的根源
79 母语正迁移在初中英语教学中的研究与应用
80 英语文学课外学习活动组织方式的探讨
81 中英禁忌语比较分析
82 礼貌原则之于商务信函的翻译
83 西丽自我身份的寻求——《紫色》的女性主义解读
84 如何激发初中生学习英语的兴趣
85 不一样的颤栗—东西方恐怖片的比较
86 浅析合作原则和礼貌原则在商务信函中的运用
87 论谭恩美《喜福会》中文化身份迷失与探寻
88 《呼啸山庄》和《暮色》系列的对比研究:《呼啸山庄》再次热销引发的思考 89 政治演说中名词性隐喻的认知研究
90 On the Differences of Rules for Eye Contact Between the East and the West
91 词组词汇学习方法
92 像滚石一般流浪:六十年代鲍勃迪伦歌曲中的旅行者意象
93 On the Influence of the Female Characters On Pip in Great Expectations
94 中美商务礼仪差异的跨文化解析
95 剖析希腊神话中的爱情观
96 A Feminist Narratological Analysis of the Tess of the D’Urbervilles
97 中餐菜单英译的归化与异化
98 浅谈非语言交际中的手势语
99 中西面子观比较研究
100 从功能对等角度看信用证英语的翻译
101 中西性教育方式对比折射中西文化差异的研究
102 功能对等理论透视下的影视片名翻译
103 从模糊性看古典诗词英译
104 《简爱》在当代中国的现实意义——从温和的女性主义视角分析
105 从翻译审美分析食品品牌名称翻译的原则及策略
106 On the Differences in Table Manners between Westerners and Chinese
107 东西方饮食文化差异之餐具比较——筷子和刀叉
108 海明威文学创作中主题的转折点——《乞力马扎罗的雪》
109 言语行为理论视角下的商务索赔信函话语分析
110 《圣经》对英语习语的影响
111 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中玛姬的性格
112 模糊语言的社会语用功能
113 A Study of Nonverbal Communication
114 An Eco-Critical Approach to Moby Dick
115 从弗洛伊德的精神分析理论浅析《道林格雷的画像》中的主要人物
116 中英商标翻译中的文化障碍与翻译策略研究
117 如何培养大学生英语阅读理解技能
118 汉英禁忌语的对比研究
119 从跨文化交际中的语用失误看中西文化差异
120 英汉语篇中的省略衔接手段对比及其翻译方法——以《雪》译文为例
121 《飘》与《倾城之恋》中的女性形象对比研究
122 美国俚语中所折射出的美国亚文化现象
123 广告英语修辞特点及其翻译
124 分析苔丝悲剧的形成原因
125 忠实与变通策略在科技翻译中的运用
126 从归化角度分析英文广告的汉译
127 论《傲慢与偏见》中反讽的艺术效果
128 浅析英汉基本颜色词之文化内涵--以“白”与“黑”为例
129 试析诗歌翻译中文化意象的处理
130 Miss Havisham: an Imprisoned Woman in Great Expectations
131 从《在路上》解读“垮掉的一代”时代背景与主题
132 应用多媒体资源提高英语新闻听力
133 提高英语听力的有效策略及教学启示
134 论英语委婉语的构成与翻译
135 完美管家还是他者—浅析《长日留痕》中的管家形象
136 跨文化交际视角下的英汉动物词语研究
137 女性主义视野下林黛玉与简?爱的比较研究
138 <<罗伯特家的苔丝>>中动植物的作用
139 析《狮子和宝石》中拉昆来失败的原因
140 论“老友记”中的幽默翻译
141 A Comparative Study of “Two Roses” in Wuthering Heights--Catherine Earnshaw and Catherine Linton
142 英语广告的语言特点
143 超音段特征对意义的影响
144 The Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Willy in Death of a Salesman
145 谈丽莉的悲剧--不够懦弱到随波逐流,又不够勇敢到逃离反抗
146 On China English as A Localized Variety of English and its Implications for ELT
147 《蝴蝶君》中两位主角的心理冲突
148 Discourse Analysis on the Translation of Person of the Year, an Editorial in the Time Magazine
149 臻于完美的人物魅力——对简?奥斯丁《劝导》中的女主人公的分析
150 冲破人生的枷锁——试析毛姆《人生的枷锁》中的七个枷锁
151 An Analysis of the Character of Scarlett in Gone With the Wind
152 马克吐温小说的语言特征
153 从关联理论看美剧典故的翻译
154 斯嘉丽的新女性形象探析
155 论翻译中的衔接与连贯
156 世界经济危机影响下东莞企业的现状
157 从《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》探索简奥斯丁实用爱情观
158 An Analysis on Shear's Personality in The Bridge on the River Kwai
159 新课标下高中英语学习策略调查
160 从《哈利波特与火焰杯》看文学翻译中的文化冲突
161 顺应论视角下的电影片名翻译
162 英汉“批评”类动词的语义成分及词化模式分析
163 新兴资产阶级代表—鲁滨逊克鲁索
164 维多利亚时期英国女性文学作品的三个男性形象分析
165 论宋词词牌名的翻译
166 从《野性的呼唤》看杰克伦敦自然主义观
167 文化差异在中美雇员协作中的问题分析
168 An Interpretation of A Tale of Two Cities from the Perspective of Symbolism
169 拒绝话语跨空间映射的认知解读—以商务洽商为例
170 国际贸易中商务英语的翻译策略
171 《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默
172 《到灯塔去》中的“双性和谐”研究
173 跨文化交际背景下英语禁忌语探析
174 论《简爱》中的女性意识
175 中英道歉语的比较分析
176 探讨发现式学习理论在高中任务型英语听力教学中的运用
177 对圣经文学性之赏析
178 On the Chinese Loanwords from English
179 从《荆棘鸟》中三个女性形象解读女性主义发展
180 《麦琪的礼物》看语境在中英翻译中的影响
181 功能对等理论透视下的影视片名翻译
182 An Analysis of the Translation of Film Titles
183 商务交际中you-attitude的语用功能探讨
184 爱玛人物形象分析
185 从《没有国家的人》看一个无政府主义者对人性的呼唤
186 基于语义场理论的英语词汇习得研究
187 A Study of the Differences between Chinese and American Business Etiquette 188 Metaphors in the Themes of Of Mice and Men
189 英汉诗歌中“月”意象的认知解读
190 论〈麦田里的守望者〉中“垮掉派”特质的体现
191 论《简爱》中的经济意识
192 浅析国际商务谈判成功之道
193 师生关系与学生英语学习积极性之关联性探析
194 西方电影片名翻译的功能目的论分析
195 中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化的对比分析
196 《永别了,武器》的意象分析
197 高中英语课堂师生互动研究
198 试析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉悲剧之源
199 论《喜福会》中家庭观的中西差异
200 Analysis of Tony’s Tragedy in A Handful of Dust