南京景点英语导游词

篇一：南京英语导游词

南京英语导游词

注意表达能力和仪容仪表，切忌死记硬背

外语现场考试分四大项：语言与仪态30%、景点讲解30%、外语阅读复述10%、综合能力30%

城市概况（市情简介）、景点介绍、导游规范》=2、应变能力》=2、5A景点知识》=2、综合知识》=1、旅游相关中级水平外文短文阅读和复述

一、欢迎词

Ladies and gentleman:Good morning .Welcome to the captical city of Jiangsu Province——Nanjing.I’m honored to have this opportunity to welcome all of you come to visit this beautiful city.May I introduce my colleagues to you?This is Mr.Li,our driver,his bus number is SuA36099,please remember it.My name is Sally,I’m from the branch company of China International Travel Service in Nanjing.My job is to smooth your way,care for your welfare,try my best to answer your questions,and be your guide during your stay in Nanjing.Now I’ll give you some tips during your stay in Nanjing:Firstly,please put your head and hands inside of the window,or it’s very dangerous.Secondly,when you come back to the restaurant,don’t go out alone.Last but not least,when you travel around this city,please be careful of your wallet and some other valued things.If you have any special interest,please tell your leader or let me know that,we’ll try our best to make your stay in Nanjing a pleasant one.We highly appreciate your understanding ang co-operation,Wish you enjoy these days you stay here.Thank you.

二、简介南京

When you come to Jiangsu province,of course you can’t miss the capital city——Nanjing.She is one of the political,economic and cultural center over the Yangzi Delta region.And she was been called China’s southern capital. There are about 8 million people here and Nanjing is one of the historical and cultural cities rectified by the state.She was one of the 6 famous ancient cities in China.For almost 2000 years,there has been 10 dynasties which eatabished their capitals here,they are Wu,Eastern Jin,Song,Qi,Liang,Chen,South Tang,Ming,Taiping Kingdom,and Republic of China subsequently.

For tourists,Nanjing is one of China’s most attractive cities.In octorber 2010,there comes a research among foreigners from more than 100 countries,Nanjing is the 3rd popular city in China,just next to Shanghai and Beijing,I think wo must work harder together for it.

I think all the pretty scenic in Nanjing will make you feel cheerful in heart and pleased to eyes when you are lingering among them.

三、景点（8个）

㈠中山陵

Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum

Among all the historical and cultural attractions in Nanjing,the most favored highlight is Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum.Dr.Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the Purple Mountain in the eastern suburb of the city.It took more than 3 years and 1.5 million silver dollars to build the mausoleum.

Dr.Sun Yatsen is considered as the forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution,the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun was born in a farmer's family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province. He put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out, restoring the

sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership" and the Three People's Principles-"Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood." Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.

The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun himself. Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. You may wonder: Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing. For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution. Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries. Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi's design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well. The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the "Bell of Freedom".

Now, we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.

Please look to the south. The copper "ding" with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. It is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. To the bell-shaped mausoleum the "ding " is just like the pendulum. It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.

Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.

Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside, situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind. The pines, cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr. Sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. Now we are coming near the top platform. Look, there are two big copper "ding".There are two holes in the bottom of the left "ding". Why?In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity. More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number; it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.

Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber. These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr. Sun's revolutionary activities. Above "Democracy", there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun's handwriting on it, "Fill the World with Justice".

Please follow me into the Memorial Hall. The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province. The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. He carried out the three principal policies of "Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers" in his later days. The great feat Mr. Sun has achieved has gained great

respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.

Now, as one of the "Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China" Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck!

㈡明孝陵

Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty

Xiaoling Tomb is one of the most historical heritage in Nanjing,built 600 years ago,is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang,the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in China.

Born in a poor family and lost his parents when he was a child and become a monk.In 1352,he joined the Red Turban Army which Guo Zixin’s adopted daughter and became the commanding general later.zhu took over Nanjing in 1356,and he conquered the rest of China in the following years.In 1368,he made Nanjing the national captical with a name of Ming for his dynasty and Hongwu as the title of his regin.

Zhu began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died.The construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more until 1413.

Now follow my steps,The mausoleum consists of two major sections .The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way,of which the approach is 1800 meters long.The second part is the tomb itself :Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall,22.5 kilometers long,enclosing the whole tomb area.The tomb complex was very large with many splendid buildings.100 000 pines were planted and 1000 deer raised in the park of mausoleum.Unfortunately,this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.The tomb gate known as Grand Golden Gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall.The Gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from here .The inscription can be seen “All the officials must dismount from their horsebacks here”.This shows the absolute dignity of Emperor ZhuYuanzhang at that time.Northwards from the Great Golden Gate,a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen,it is the Square Castle as local people call it.Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain.

In ancient China,the next enperor must be the first or the first grandson,because his first son died in 1392,so his first grandson ZhuYunwen became the second emperor,then the first son ZhuDi praised the emperor and became the 3rd emperor,he was actually praising himself and presumed himself as the authorized successor to ZhuYuanzhang.

Behind the tablet pavilion is sacred way ,which is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds.

The sacred avenue makes a right turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill stands in the way.The hill is the tomb for SunQuan,the first emperor of Eastern Wu Kingdom ,some ministers suggested that SunQuan’s tomb should stay there to be the concierge of his tomb.

Behind the statue there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate.About 270 meters away from the gate is the stone bridge spanning over a small stream,yet it is called the Imperial Moat Bridge.The bridge used to have 5 arches ,but was renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing

Dynasty.The bridge foundation and stone dykes are the original except the rail.

About 200 meters north of the Imperial Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb.This area is the rear section of the tomb.At the right of the gate,there is a tablet stone on which is inscribed with“TheSpecialNotice”written in 6 foreign languages of Japanese,German,English,French,Italian and Russia respectively to reaffirm the attention to the protection of the filial tomb in the late Qing years.

Inside the gate is an entrance hall,of which in the middle is “theStele of Administering the Country well as the Tang and Song Dynasties.”

Since Qing rules were Manchurians,Emperor Kangxi was preoccupied that the Han people wouldn’t be subject to his reign.This stone tablet indicatedEmperor Kangxi’s desire to respect the Han emperor of the former dynasty and try to conciliate the Hans.As a great emperor,Kangxi made 6 trips down to southern China from Beijing and visited the Ming Tomb for 5 times.

Standing behind the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrifical Hall,which is one of the major buildings in the mausoleum employed to enshrine Emperor ZhuYuanzhang and his empress.But the original was destoryed in the wars,and the present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the Qing Dynasty.

The Citadel of Treasures is the last buildings on the ground,16.25 meters high,75 meters wide and 31 meters in depth.

The tomb is at the foot of Purple Mountain.It has not been excavated because of the technical reasons of preservation.The tomb site was selected by ZhuYuanzhang himself.However there had been a Buddhist temple here.ZhuYuanzhang paced up and down and looked upset each time when he was here.The wise abbot in the temple took his cue and suggested to the emperor that the temple shoule be moved because his teacher told him so in his dream. The emperor was happy when he heard this and had the temple rebuilt to the east of his tomb. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck for your next trip !

㈢灵谷寺

Linggu Temple

Linggu Temple was called Jiangshan Temple in ancient time and its original site was in Donglongfu at the foot of the Purple Mountain.This tenple with an inscription “The First Buddhist Forest”at the entrance to the mountain.

My friends,please follow my steps.Inside the entrance there is a secluded footpath with thousands of pine trees ,verdant and luxuriant ,so it is called the “Valley of Spirit Deep in pines”.It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing.Main attractions in the park include Linggu Temple ,the gateway of officers and men killed in action,Beamless Hall,Pine and Wind Pavilion,Linggu Pagoda,Monk Baogong Pagoda and the Tablet of Three Great Artists,etc.

The first major attraction is the gateway of officals and men killed in action.The gateway has 5 principle columns made of concrete cement.The gate has its foundation inlaid with granite on surface and roofed by blue –glazed tile.The lintel of the middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters“Great justice and Virtue”in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People”on the back.

Inside the park there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynasty.There are nine overlapping ridges and three dagobas decorating the top ridges .In terms of size,the Beamless Hall stands first and foremost of its kind in China.It was built more than 200years earlier than the other five of the same kind in other areas.

The original site of the Pine and Wind Pavilion is the former religious discipline hall of the Linggue Temple.The present pavilion was built in 1929,as the memorial hall of the officials and men killed in action with the things left behind by the martyrs.The pavilion was damaged in the War of Resistance against Japan and restored after 1949.

Linggu Pagoda was built in 1933 as a memorial pagoda for the officals and men killed in wars.The nine-storeyed octagonal pagoda,is over sisty-meter-high,with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each story.3 characters “Linggu Pagoda”are inscribed on the lintel of the front door and “Where there is a will there’s a way”on the lintel of the back door.Inside the pagoda a spiral staircase of 252 steps winds to the top through the nine stories.

In the buses west of Pine and Wind Pavilion there lies a tomb pagoda“ Baogong Pagoda”named after the eminent Monk BaoZhi of the Southern Dynasties.Tradition has it that Monk BaoZhi was born into a bird’s nest in 436.He became a monk when he was 7 years old.Before his death,BaoZhi had frequent contact with Emperor Wudi of the Liang Dynasty and was highly respected by the emperor.

Linggu Temple is the only one out of 70 Buddhist monasteries handed down from the Southern Dynasties.The Temple was relocated to the present site in the Ming dynasty and named Linggu Buddhist Monastery by Emperor ZhuYuanzhang,who contributed a lot of money and land to the monastery out of the gratitude that the relocation effectuated the construction of his tomb at Dulongfu.The Ming Dynasty also put 12 temples including Qixia Monastery under the abministration of Linggu Temple and the temple was so large that it could support more than 1000 monks at that time.

The present temple is much smaller than it used to be.In the temple there is the Treasure Hall of the Great Sage.In the east of the hall,there is a chambre,which used to be called the Goddess of mercy Hall.But it is turned to the memorial hall of Master Xuan Zang.Whi went to India in the 7th century and brought back with him large quantities of Buddhist sutras.The legendary story of this great monk-traveler and his disciples is vividly described in the great master-piece Journey to the West by Wu Cheng’en.In the memorial hall,some of his skull,introduction of his pilgrimage route to India and his return to Chang’an are on display.In front of the temple,there is a screen wall,on which is written with 10 characters “the Buddhist rites performed to bury Monk BaoZhi’s remains”. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good-bye and good luck for your next trip !

㈣总统府（中轴线+西线）

Presidential Residence

Members of tourists :we will now go sightseeing tour of scenicspots is a long history and has as a day of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Revolution Palace after Dr.Sun Yat-sen became provisional president of the Office of the President office.It is located in the Yangtze River Road,No.292,now has become China’s largest museum of modern history.

The history of the place dates back to 600 years ago,and the site was the mansion of Prince of Han during the Ming Dynasty.In 1912,Dr.Sun Yat-sen was elected the Provisional President of the Republic,and changed the west garden of the palace into the Presidential Residence.In1928,the palace became the administration office of the republic government.

Opposite to the gate of the palace across the street is the Screen Wall.By the side of the wall,there is a tablet,which is engraved with an incription of Guo Moruo’s autograph that reads“the 100th anniversary of Taiping Uprising”.Built in 1930,the Gate Tower is

篇二：南京玄武湖英文导游词

南京玄武湖英文导游词

Hello everybody! Welcome to Nanjing. My name is Hemeng, you can call me Christine also. It is my honor and privilege to be your tour guide. I will spare no efforts to make you comfortable and happy during this trip. If you have some questions or want some help, please feel free to contact me.

On our way to the destination, I'd like to give you a brief introduction of Xuanwu Lake.Xuanwu Lake is in the central-northeast part of Nanjing, it nears Nanjing Railway Station and Ji Ming Temple. It is surrounded by three mountains in three directions: the Zijing mountain to the east, the Jizhao mountain and Fuzhou mountain to the south and the Mufu mountain to the north. The Ming city wall borders the park to its south and east. The lake covers 472 hectares. Xuanwu Lake is one of Nanjing Zhongshan state-level scenic spots and an important part of the national AAAA class tourist attractions. It is the largest comprehensive park in Nanjing with the function of entertainment, leisure and exercise. So beautiful it is, Xuanwu Lake can be compared with Xihu Lake.

Now, we arrive at the gate of the park. Please get off the bus one by one, then I will show you around the park. Now, let's begin our trip.

Xuanwu Lake contains five oasises, namely Huan zhou, Ying zhou, Liang zhou, Cui zhou and Ling zhou. Now we are walking along the circle-shaped road which leads us to the first

oasis—— Huan zhou. There are lakeside rocks and rockeries in the oasis, which shows the beauty of garden architecture in southern China. Among those rocks, the “Guanyin and Tongzi”. are the most famous. They are heritages of the zhongshan amir, Xuda ,during the Ming Dynasty. Besides,There are Lama Temple and Nuona pagoda in this part.

Please follow me! Let's walk across this bridge, and here it is. We are now at Ying zhou. It is an oasis in an oasis and it gained its name for its beatuful cherry flowers growing all around. Every spring flowers bloom, which attracts millions of tourists.

Let's move to next scenic spot, Liang zhou. During the Liang Dynasty, prince

Liangzhaoming built a terrace for reading in this oasis, which gave it its name. It was said that prince Liang gathered thirty thousand books and called for many scholars and talents to write essays. At last, they worked out the first analects of poems and essays which exerted a great impact on the study and development of literature. Unfortunately, prince Liang died of uncured disease early. People named the oasis Liang zhou to honor this hard-working prince. I want to mention that Liang zhou is the most beautiful oasis among the rest four oasises. You can find Lake Temple, Lansheng Tower, Lotus pavilion, Taoran pavilion and other historical sites here. You will appreciate the charms of natural landscape, especially the lotus pond.

Cui zhou is to the east of Liang zhou. It is characterized by its green pines, cypresses, bamboo and willow. Besides, Music terrace and outdoor theater can be found here.

What we are seeing now is the central oasis——Ling zhou. It borders Zhongshan mountain in the east, which gives it inviting views. There is a bird park in the oasis and it is the largest bird park in China. More than ten thousand rare birds are protected in this park. You can not only see a large number of beautiful and exotic birds but also watch bird performances in the park. You can even feed some birds in person.

Now, it's your time! You can walk around the Xuanwu Lake freely and enjoy the scenery as you like. I hope you enjoy your time here! Two hours later, we'll meet at the gate of the park. By the way, please put an eye on your luggage and don't forget the time.

Thank you!

篇三：南京口试景点导游词

中文考生现场考试景点（ 7 个景点，分为 11 个考点）：中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺 A 、灵谷寺 B 、夫子庙 A 、夫子庙 B 、南京城垣与中华门城堡、总统府 A 、总统府 B 、雨花台 A 、雨花台 B 。

中 山 陵

革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，是全国重点文物保护单位，是国家5A级景区。

1925年孙中山先生去世后，根据他生前的遗愿选定了墓址。你们也许会问：孙先生出生于广东，逝世于北京，毕生为革命奔波于各地，为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢？孙先生临终前嘱咐“吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因为南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不可忘辛亥革命也。”陵墓建于1926年，于1929年完工，整个陵墓由南向北沿着山势逐级升高，主要建筑有：牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、平台、祭堂、墓室。它的设计者吕彦直匠心独具，将整个陵寝设计为“木铎”之状，寓含警钟长鸣之意。

陵墓主体工程完工后，国民政府为孙先生举行了隆重的奉安大典。将先生的遗体自北京香山碧云寺移出，由专列护送抵达南京，在国民党中央党部举行三天公祭后，于1929年6月1日举行了奉安大典，从此孙先生就一直长眠于此，距今已有80多年。

接下来，我为您简单介绍一下孙先生的生平。孙先生于1866年出生在广东省香山县翠亨村，年少时学习医学，后来弃医从政。于1905年在日本成立了中国同盟会，被推举为总理，他提出了“驱除鞑虏、恢复中华、建立民国、平均地权”的著名纲领，及“民族、民权、民生”的三名主义学说， 1911年武昌起义爆发后，被十七省代表一致推举为中华民国临时大总统，于1912年元月1日在南京宣誓就职。此后又经历了二次革命、护国运动、护法运动等风风雨雨。在1924年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上，他将旧三民主义发展为新三民主义，提出了“联俄、联共、扶助农工”的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥将军之邀抱病北上共商国家大计，因积劳成疾于1925年

3月12日病逝在北京。

各位游客，我们现在就来到了中山陵的陵园广场，正南端是一座八角形石台，石台上有一尊三足两耳的紫铜宝鼎，重达五千公斤，高4.25米、腹径1.23米，是中山陵纪念装饰之一。它是由广州中山大学的全体师生于1933年秋捐资建造，在鼎的腹部刻有“智仁勇”三个字，这是中山大学的校训。鼎的上半部还有六角

形的铜牌，上面有原中山大学校长戴季陶的母亲黄氏老夫人所书的孝经全文，所以这座鼎又被称为孝经鼎。

大家现在看到的是半月形博爱广场，由广场踏阶而上，迎面是一座四柱三门的冲天式仿古石牌坊，称为博爱坊，它的高度为12米，花岗岩石柱上盖蓝色琉璃瓦，柱脚前后夹抱鼓石，牌坊上雕刻莲花瓣及和玺彩画等图案。正中横额有孙中山先生亲手所书的“博爱”两字，语出自韩愈《原道》“博爱之为仁”，孙先生以伟大的博爱精神致力于资产阶级革命，为民族的独立自由奋斗不息，可以说“博爱”二字正是对他一生高度概括的最好写照。

博爱坊向前是墓道，墓道长480米，共有三道，中道最宽为9米，东西两道为4.5米，间隔墓道两侧用两两相对的雪松、荟柏、银杏和红枫取代了古代帝王陵墓神道前的石人、石兽，更能体现中山先生的高风亮节。整个陵前广场部分气势开阔，绿化规整，具有西方园林开阔大气的美感。

穿过墓道，来到陵门平台。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵墓平面为“木铎”形。木铎的声音洪亮，而且传的很远，有“使天下皆达道”的寓意，其用意也在警示后人。陵门广场的边缘就是当年吕彦直设计的“自由之钟”的下缘。广场东西栽有千头松和银杏。陵门前有汉白玉石狮一对，显得非常的庄严古朴。现在我们看到的单檐歇山式建筑就是陵门，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦。陵门正中的门额上，有孙中山先生亲手所书的“天下为公”四个字，这四个字出自于孔子《礼记、礼运》中的“大道之行也，天下为公”，意思是国家政权不是哪一家的天下，而是天下人的天下，是老百姓的天下。是与“家天下”相对立的思想。这是对三民主义的极好注解。也是孙中山先生毕生奋斗的崇高理想。

穿过陵门我们现在看到的是碑亭，重檐歇山顶，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦，亭内石碑高8.1米，正中镌刻有国民党党徽，上面是原国民政府主席、行政院院长谭延闿手书的“中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此，中华民国十八年六月一日”24个颜体楷书镏金大字。由此可见孙中山先生的葬礼为“党葬”。

从碑亭往后就是层层叠叠的台阶，碑亭到祭堂这段石阶共有

290层，分为八段，象征着三民主义、五权宪法。五权宪法是国民政府时期的政权组织形式，即由行政、立法、司法、考试、监察五院合掌权利。第四层平台上，陈列着一对紫铜鼎，是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的，鼎身刻有“奉安大典”四个字，在西侧的鼎上有日军侵华时留下的弹孔。第五层平台上有一对石狮，是福建名匠蒋文子先生的杰作。

堂，我们已经走过了平面大约700米，高度大约70米的距离。

先生的祭堂与墓室依托着钟山气势，更显巍峨，让谒陵者感悟中山先生的革命精神与浩然正气长留天地之间。

第8层的平台上，有孙先生长子孙科一家敬赠的青石鼎。祭堂前还有国民政府主席林森捐赠的一对华表。

现在我们就来到了祭堂和墓室。祭堂墓室的修建为一期工程，工程开始于中山先生逝世一周年后的1926年3月12日，在祭堂的后面开辟墓包花园，内有中山陵建设史料展，用大量翔实的图片与文字资料展示了中山陵从设计、建设到奉安大典的全过程。

祭堂是陵墓的主体建筑，重檐歇山顶，丄覆蓝色琉璃瓦，坊额正中是中山先生手书“天地正气”四字直额，祭堂正面有三扇拱形大门，在门楣上有国民党元老张静江所书的“民族，民权，民生”六个篆字。

祭堂内采用云南的大理石铺地，十二根黑大理石柱采用四隐八显的手法，左右两侧的护壁上有孙先生手书的《建国大纲》全文。顶上的斗式藻井是用马赛克镶嵌的国民党党徽。祭堂正中孙中山坐像由法国雕刻家保罗.阿林斯基用意大利白石雕刻。孙先生身穿长袍马褂，膝上摊着展开的文卷，双目凝视前方，神情沉思。在坐像底部的四周，还有六幅浮雕，分别是如抱赤子，出国宣传，商讨革命，国会授印，振聋发聩，讨袁护国。反映了孙中山先生从事革命活动的片断。

祭堂与墓室相通。墓门分为两道，外门为两扇对开铜门，门额上有孙先生为黄花岗烈士手书的“浩气长存”四个字。第二道门为单扇铜门，门上刻有张静江纂书“孙中山先生之墓”，墓室为穹隆状封闭式建筑。顶部是用马赛克镶嵌的国民党党徽图案。墓室中央是一大理石石圹，石圹中有孙中山先生的白色大理石卧像，是由捷克雕刻家高琪雕刻而成。孙先生的遗体就安葬在石圹下5米深处。自1929年6月1日到今天墓室从未被打开过。

中山陵周围有许多附属建筑，孙中山先生纪念馆，原名为藏经楼，收藏有孙先生的图片资料及实物，在藏经楼后有三民主义碑廊。藏经楼外有一尊孙中山铜像，是中山先生的日本友人梅屋庄吉捐赠的。

音乐台，是由美国旧金山华侨代表和国民党辽宁省党部捐资建造的。此外还有光华亭、行建亭、流徽榭等社会各界捐建的中山陵纪念建筑。

中山陵的周边还有中山植物园，廖仲恺、何香凝墓，谭延闿墓、紫霞湖、正气亭等建筑，大家有时间可以前去游览。

各位游客，中山陵的讲解就到这里结束，我们接下来要游览的景点是灵谷寺，请各位游客30分钟后在停车场集合上车，谢谢大家！

明孝陵

各位游客，我们即将参观的景点就是位于紫金山独龙阜玩珠峰的明孝陵。明孝陵始明代开国皇帝明太祖朱元璋及其皇后马氏的合葬墓。朱元璋1328年出生于安徽凤阳一个贫苦农民的家庭， 17岁投身皇觉寺，1352年参加了元末郭子兴的红巾军，1356年领兵攻克南京，1368年登基称帝。

明孝陵修建于1381年，1382年葬入皇后马氏，1398年朱元璋病逝后入葬于此，工程直到1413年才完工。取名孝陵，一说是因为朱元璋主张“以孝治天下”，另一说是因为马皇后死后谥号“孝慈”。故此陵明代称“孝陵”，到清代始称“明孝陵”，以示朝代的区别。

明孝陵依托紫金山，陵园依山就势神道蜿蜒曲折，陵寝恪守中国建筑之传统，中轴对称，首创了宝城宝顶,前朝后寝的陵墓形制开创了明清600多年帝王陵墓之先河。为全国重点文物保护单位，2003年列入世界文化遗产名录。

现在我们看到的就是明孝陵的第一道大门-------大金门，当年明孝陵陵区从大金门的两侧延伸出一道45华里的外墙，把整个紫金山都包括在内。

原大金门重檐歇山顶，顶覆有黄色琉璃瓦，现在屋顶和大门都荡然无存了。只剩城座以及三拱门。

过大金门，我们就来到了四方城，这里原来是一座碑亭，由于顶部毁于清代咸丰年间的战火，只留下了四面墙壁和四个门券，每边长26.86米，犹如一个四四方方的古城堡，所以南京人俗称它为“四方城”，城内有一座“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”碑高6.7米，下面的碑趺高2.08米，称赑屃，传说为龙生九子之一，好负重，这块碑是南京地区最大的一块明碑。碑文是由明成祖朱棣所撰，全文有2746个字，共分为七部分，一、叙述其身世，出生句容大族；二、为民请命，发迹定远；三、平定天下，登基称帝、册中宫、立皇太子，分封同姓；四、废中书、设六部，亲掌兵权；五、重人才、建国学；六、生活简朴，嘱死后与马氏合葬孝陵；七、皇族子女57人名号及144句四言颂词一篇，碑文是对朱元璋一生的高度评价。“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”的落成是在1413年，这也是明孝陵工程

结束的标志。朱棣在大书特书朱元璋功绩的背后其实是在大树特树自己的威信，以此表明继承皇位的正统。他原本在南京东郊的阳山派上万民工凿了一块巨大的碑材，其碑帽、碑身、碑座如果相加高达72米，因为过于巨大无法搬运%d
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