篇一：中西方商务礼仪(英文)
Different Business Etiquette between China and the
West
I. Introduction
Business etiquette is a kind of civilization accumulation of human being.It becomes fixed during the business communication, being handed down from generation to generation. It is also a kind of standard behavior observed by the businessmen in their communication. Different countries have different culture traditions, so their business etiquette is also different from one another. There are great cultural differences between the cultural cores of Confucian in China and the cores of Christian in the West, which leads to some differences in the business etiquette between China and West.
II. The Influence of Cultural Differences on Business Etiquette Differences Between China and the West
Generally speaking, the differences on business etiquette between China and the West are influenced by several cultural factors, such as values, view of time, view of space, view of diet, verbal habits and nonverbal. The paper mainly focuses on time and space approach.
2.1 From the approach of time
Thoreau once said,“If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.”Now, we use the phrase “the beat of a different drummer”to explain any different pace of life. The attitudes toward time vary from culture to culture. And it is understandable that people of different cultures hold different views toward time. When it comes to international business, the view of time can be divided into two types, such as monochromic time and polychromic time. Countries that follow monochromic time perform only one major activity at a time, while countries obeying polychromic time perform several activities simultaneously. (Jeanette S. 113)
The United States is a monochromic culture. In monochromic culture, time is regarded as something tangible. Time is seen as linear and manageable. Therefore, people concentrate on the task at hand, taking time commitments seriously and being accustomed to short-term relationships. For example, in the West, time is a kind of
precious and limited resource. The business people attend the business meeting on time. If someone was late, he would be considered to be lack of honesty. And the U.S. business people always expect to solve their business problems within twenty to thirty minutes. In monochromic cultures, it is considered a rude to do two things at once, such as reading a journal in a meeting or answering the telephone while someone is in your office. Schedules and keeping appointments are consistent with value of people in monochromic cultures.
Chinese people are typical example of polychromic cultures. Chinese people are well adapted to doing several things at once and do not mind interruptions. In their opinion, people are more important than schedules to members of polychromic cultures. Their lifestyle is less organized than that of monochromic people. In their eyes time is just like a circle that does not have the end. So Chinese people are highly distracted and subject to interruptions. They consider time to be casual and flexible. For example, to most Chinese today, time simply flows from one day to the next. If a job is not done today, maybe it will be done the next day or the next. And the business meeting would generally last for several hours.
Compared with the Westerners, few Chinese equate time with money. When foreign businessmen arrive in China, most Chinese will make them settle down in hotels and give them an opportunity to rest up. Because Chinese do not expect them to immediately rush into business. However, generally this arrangement will be politely but firmly rejected by visitors. When Chinese are involved in international business, they will get familiar with the Western concept“time is money”. But they do not automatically relate it to the pace of business.
Besides, Chinese do not pay much attention to the appointment. Sometimes even if there is an appointment, the Chinese would not stick to it seriously. When people of different cultures interact, misunderstandings often arise as a result of different time view. For instance, in the Western countries, the business contact would be pre-arranged within three to four weeks. Business people pre-arrange the business contact at least two weeks in America. The appointment is holy to Americans. In the business communication, if someone asks to have a business contact at the last
minute, he will be considered to make trouble or insult the others. On the contrary, the Chinese people pay more attention to relationship. In their business activity, if there is an important person need to be contacted, they could cancel the primary appointment to meet him. It is unacceptable to American business people. This example shows the cultural differences in time sense between China and the West. And it becomes increasingly important as modern business communications put more and more businessmen in daily contact. If we are to avoid misunderstanding, we need to know better about our own cultural biases and those of others. (Wen Yaoqing, 127)
2.2 From the approach of space
Space, is the physical distance between people when they are interacting. It is deeply influenced by culture. When people are having a conversation, the distance between them changes dramatically from one culture to another.
Generally speaking, there are four zones when U.S. people interact: the intimate zone, the personal zone, the social zone, and the public zone. The intimate zone, less than 0.46 meters, is reserved for a close friend. And it appears briefly when the business colleagues shake hands. The personal zone, from 0.46 meters to 1.2 meters, is used for giving instructions to someone in an office. The social zone, from 1.2 to
3.6 meters, is used for impersonal and formal business meeting. The public distance, over 3.6 meters, is the most formal zone. (Lillian H. 83)
Americans tend to need more spaces than Chinese. When having a conversation with Chinese, Americans will back away for the Chinese partner is standing too close. Standing too close to someone in the United States may leave a bad impression on the others, as it implies the person is upset, overbearing, or he is making sexual advances. These negative positions should be avoided in the United States. In China, people prefer to stand close to each other and they think it is a normal and friendly way to communicate with each other.
Besides, the arrangement of desks, chairs, and conference table also feature the different styles of communication. When the United States people are conversing, they prefer the face-to-face arrangement of chairs whereas the Chinese prefer side-by-side arrangement. They like this arrangement because they could avoid direct
eye contact through it.
IV. Conclusion
With the globalization of the world economy, organizations are culturally diverse in handling all kinds of business activities, especially multinational cooperation. More and more business people have become aware of the strong impact from culture. And they should have a good understanding of the other business etiquette culture beforehand, which is beneficial for both sides of the business people. Only in this way will it be possible for them to expand their business and make it more prosperous.
篇二：商务礼仪 英文
Business negotiations etiquette
Abstract
Business etiquette is a manifestation of mutual respect of conduct in business activities. Core business etiquette is an act of criteria, used to constrain all aspects of our daily business activities. The central role of business etiquette is to reflect the mutual respect between people. As business leaders identity negotiators, in business negotiations should follow the etiquette of negotiations three elements that focus on instrumentation demeanor, attention to language arts, to comply with etiquette disciplines. In the event a successful business negotiation, negotiation etiquette is not necessarily comply with the success of the negotiations decision criteria. If you violate negotiations etiquette, but it will cause a lot of unnecessary trouble, even be a threat to reach an agreement
Key words:Business etiquette Business negotiations
Business negotiation, which means refers to negotiate in social life, the parties to meet their needs and safeguard their own interests, the two sides properly carried out to solve a problem. Business negotiations, is the negotiation of a transaction for the realization of active buyers and sellers of goods or services on a variety of trading conditions
The role of business etiquette in business negotiations
1.Regulate behavior in business dealings, people interaction, interaction, mutual cooperation. If you do not follow certain norms, the two sides on the basis of lack of collaboration. Among the many commercial specifications. Etiquette can make people understand what should be proud of what not to do, what to do and what not to do, and help determine the self-image, respect for others, to win the friendship.
2. Etiquette is an information transfer information, this information may be expressed by respected, friendly, sincere and so emotional, so that people feel warm. In business activities. Proper etiquette can get each other's goodwill, trust. Thus helps to develop their career.
3. Promote feelings in business activities, along with in-depth exchanges. The
two sides will probably have some emotional experience. It is expressed as the emotional state of two kinds: one empathy, another emotional rejection. Etiquette is easy to make mutual attraction, promote feelings, leading to the establishment and development of good relationships. Conversely, if not speak etiquette, vulgar, then it is easy to generate feelings of exclusion, resulting in interpersonal tensions. To each other creating a bad impression.
4. Establish the image of a man etiquette, it will establish a good personal image in front of everyone; members of an organization etiquette, it will establish a good image for your organization, won the public's admiration. In addition to a modern market competition beyond competitive products. Even more apparent in the image of the competition. One has a good reputation and image of the company or business, it is easy to gain the trust and support of all sectors of society, can be in an invincible position in the fierce competition. So, business people always pay attention to etiquette, both good qualities embodied individuals and organizations, but also the need to establish and consolidate a good image.
Business negotiations etiquette
(1)Business etiquette before preparing negotiations
1. Pay attention to the choice of the negotiations. The two sides agreed to negotiate the time to go through the party alone can not decide, otherwise it is rude. To select the most favorable time for one's own negotiations. Avoid mind at a low ebb when, after continuous hard work, the market is not conducive to their next negotiations.
2. Pay attention to the choice of the place of negotiations. Negotiating the best place to fight in their own familiar environment. If we failed to do, or at least should be selected in the two sides are not familiar with neutral venues. To carry out several rounds of negotiations, venue should turn swaps, to ensure fairness.
3. Preparation of negotiators. First, negotiators choice. Select negotiators to meet in the business etiquette of the principle of reciprocity, that is, one's own negotiators to negotiate with each other to represent the identity and position of a peer; secondly,
apparel choice negotiators. Men's best to wear a suit or tunic, skirt or suit ladies should wear formal clothing, etc., to each other in order to mature, full of sincerity impression.
4. Negotiations reception preparations. Negotiators from the shuttle, to place and time to negotiate arrangements, hotel reservations, dining and entertainment, the entire process must be carefully prepared, deliberately, always reflect the negotiation opponent's respect and courtesy, to show a good image of the company, lay the foundation for the success of the negotiations.
5.Ready to negotiate data. First, before the negotiations on the subject of negotiations, content, agenda fully prepared to draw up plans, objectives and the subject of negotiations. Secondly, a detailed collection and negotiations related materials, such as party strength, political and legal system and market themes, etc. Also, negotiators gather basic information, such as work experience, hobbies, social customs and other aspects of content.
(2)Etiquette In business negotiation
1.Negotiations seating etiquette. Business negotiations by the number of groups involved in the negotiations can be divided into bilateral negotiations and multilateral negotiations. Bilateral negotiations on multi-use rectangular table, usually host and guests sit opposite, each side. Negotiating table generally transverse to the door, guests sit door, back door and sit hosts. Sitting among the parties responsible person, in accordance with his position followed by the remaining staff sit around, based on respect for the principle of the right; multilateral sentenced to use more short rostrum, referring to the negotiations to set up a room facing the main entrance of the podium, then all other parties back to the main entrance, facing the podium were seated. Representatives of the parties came to speak in turn. In addition, subject to seating arrangements, the best place to seat and seat licensing arrangements hostesses be guided seats to avoid sitting in the wrong position.
2. Negotiations meet etiquette. First of all, pay attention to the beginning of the meeting etiquette. More formal negotiations occasions, etiquette rules introduced is first introduced high status. After the introduction of low status, in principle, if the
equal status, long after the first child's compliance. Was introduced to smile to indicate what should stand up and use some polite language, such as "Nice to meet you", "heard a lot" category. If equipped with business cards can be handed a timely manner. In addition, the attitude etiquette should also pay attention when they meet. Such as watching each other, eyes should stay in each other's eyes to the forehead of the Triangle area, make each other feel concerned about your attitude earnest and sincere. Gestures should be natural, especially not cross his arms over his chest, so there is a sense of frivolous arrogance.
3. Negotiations language etiquette. First, articulate. When negotiators to negotiate tight around the target, used some of the euphemistic language, encountered difficulties in the negotiations, requiring the flexibility to take appropriate emergency means out of the woods, as the other side asked to make a difficult question to answer immediately, you can look under the table, and then said: "I'm sorry, please wait accordance with the agreement, the need at this time to return a phone call to a friend.." so you will be able to multi-fight to one - consider the time clock; followed. Clever use of the silent language. With a smile and a nod, showing not understand when people confused agree unclear when such expressions such as: Finally, talk less and listen more. By listening, we can get a lot of valuable information to each other, understand each other intentions, find a solution to the problem.
4. Negotiations under field etiquette. Business negotiations not only confined to the conference table, the more difficult negotiations, the more the need to focus on private exchanges, which can not only compensate for the lack of a table, or even have an impact on the success of the negotiations. For example, when the negotiations very difficult times, in accordance with the appropriate etiquette, arrange some recreational activities, such as receptions, balls and call, and these contacts is what you ample opportunity to showcase the company's image. If we can win the goodwill of the other party, contribute to the success of the negotiations.
(3)Business etiquette final stage of negotiations
1. Signing ceremony. From the liturgy is concerned, when signing ceremony . Must be solemnly , seriously . One of the most notable was undoubtedly hold the
seating arrangement problem signing ceremony. One parallel is the most common time of the signing ceremony of bilateral form . Its basic approach is: signing table at the indoor side of the door horizontally . The ceremony was attended by all personnel of both side by side after the signing table, the two sides signed center staff sat side door , passenger side right hand side , the main party left. Second, the relative type, with parallel rows of seats signing ceremony is basically the same . The main difference between the two, but the relative style row seat to attend the signing ceremony of bilateral suite seats moved across the signatory . Third, the President of style, mainly applicable to multilateral signing ceremony. Their operating characteristics are: signature tables still in the room horizontally , I still need to sign in the face of the main entrance of the table , but have just one , and not fixed its seat occupant . When the ceremony , people of all parties , including the undersigned included, all should be back to the main entrance , facing seats on the signature Um . When signed , the parties signatory to the order prescribed should turn took seats at the table to sign the signature , then that should be returned to the original place table.
2. Gifts etiquette. After negotiations negotiators gifts. In addition to the desire to be friendly and deepen the friendship, the more important is the success of the cooperation congratulations. But the gift can not be rushed. In general, you want to determine the value of a gift or as a guest under the circumstances of each gift. Should pay attention to the actual meaning and emotional value of the gift, not worth. Also, pay special attention to each other's customs, does not violate each other's religious beliefs. In addition, European and American people give each other gifts of time, both sides must face himself open gift wrap, and expressed appreciation and sincere.
In short. With the development of society. Business etiquette has become a modern social and economic interaction is required. For business negotiation and other business associations have an important role, has become our traditional cultural inheritance and development of etiquette in business dealings. Famous etiquette expert Professor Jin Zhengkun said: "Courtesy is respect for others, respect for the instrument in the form of the foot." To better into the modern business dealings, we
篇三：商务礼仪的英语 论文
泉 州 师 范 学 院
毕 业 论 文
Etiquette on Business Intercourse
谈商务交际中的礼仪
Abstract: With the development of the society, businessmen face more and more exchanges and competition. Every enterprise must experience cooperation and competition. There is a saying that for a successful business enterprise, 18% of success demands profession technique, 82%demands valid of social interaction of communication. Establishing a good image in business activities and handling public relationship well in distracting environment have become the basic requirements of improving their competitiveness and better cooperation. Therefore, good business etiquette is an important means to establish mutual respect, trust friendly and good cooperative relations with other businessmen.
In addition, business etiquette is the basic standard principle in society and it also is necessary for businessmen to understand and master it when they deal with other bussinessmen. The levels of etiquette which people present directly reflect the qualities of the modern civilizations in his time as well as the symbol of the business organization?s images. So the businessmen should pay much more attention on the etiquette of the business intercourse， includes the etiquette of business receptions, the etiquette of business invitations, the etiquette of business entertainments, the etiquette of business visitations and the etiquette of presenting gifts. However，in the business activities，different nations have different values and orientation. Also in business culture, different countries have different customs, different etiquette habits, etc. Moreover, the business etiquette is influenced by different culture and customs, it is not enough to learn the business etiquette, we should also understand and respect different cultural context, keeping firmly in mind the customers? the taboo topic, only by which can promote business communication effectively.
Key words: Business intercourse Business etiquette Culture
【摘要】
随着社会的发展，企业面临越来越多的交流和竞争。合作与竞争，是企业的必行之路。俗说，一个成功的企业，18％需要专业技术．82％需要有效的人际。在商务活动中树立良好的形象，在纷杂的环境下更好的处理公共关系，已经成为提高自身的竞争力和更好的合作洽谈效果的基本要求，因此具有良好的商务礼仪更是建立双方相互尊重，信任，宽容，友善的良好合作关系的重要手段。在商务交往中，商务礼仪是社会的基本准则，也是商业界人士在处理与他人的关系必备的。一个人的礼仪水平直接反映他所处的那个现代文明的素质，也反映一个商业组织的形象,因此商业界的人士在商务交往中应该更加注意商务接待礼仪，商务邀请礼仪，商务娱乐礼仪，商务拜访礼仪和礼品馈赠与接受这些商务礼仪。但是，在商务活动中不同民族对于不同价值观念有不同取向，在商务文化中，不同国家有不同的风俗习惯、不同的礼仪习惯等，而且商务礼仪也会受到不同国家的文化，风俗的影响，所以仅仅知道这些商务礼仪是往往不够的，我们也应了解，尊重不同的文化背景，牢记顾客禁忌的话题将能有效促进商务交流。
【关键词】
商务往来, 商务礼仪, 文化
Content
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1
1. An overview of etiquette on business intercourse ................................................................... 1
1.1The function of business etiquette....................................................................................... 2
1.2The types of business intercourse........................................................................................ 2
2. Etiquette of business reception ................................................................................................. 2
2.1 The behavior of reception personnel ................................................................................. 3
2.2 The etiquette of introduction .............................................................................................. 3
2.3 The etiquette of shaking hands .......................................................................................... 4
2.31 The occasion and object of shaking hands ................................................................ 4
2.32 The strength of shaking hands ................................................................................... 5
2.33 The taboos of shaking hands ...................................................................................... 5
2.4 The etiquette of exchanging cards ..................................................................................... 5
2.5 The etiquette of guiding people .......................................................................................... 7
3. Etiquette of business visit ......................................................................................................... 7
3.1. Making an appointment in advance ................................................................................. 7
3.2. Paying attention to appearance and behavior ................................................................. 8
3.3. Preparing cards .................................................................................................................. 8
3.4. Visiting customers .............................................................................................................. 8
3.5. Controlling the time of business visit ................................................................................ 9
4. Etiquette of presenting gifts in business activities .............................................. ……………9
4.1 Who- the object of receiving gifts .................................................................................... 10
4.2 Where- the place of presenting gifts ................................................................................ 10
4.3 When-the time of presenting gifts .................................................................................... 10
4.4 Which-how to present gifts ............................................................................................... 11
4.5 What -the choices of gifts .................................................................................................. 11
4.6. Etiquette of accepting gifts .............................................................................................. 12
4.61 Behaving naturally and gracefully .......................................................................... 12
4.62 Expressing gratitude ................................................................................................. 12
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 12
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 13
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................... 14
Introduction
As the Chinese economy is developing rapidly, the intercourse between countries is also becoming frequent little by little. Facing the fierce competition of business, a lot of businessmen wish to make more partners know about the reputation of companies and have a leading role in competitive business society. In order to build a good image and get more deals, companies should take the business etiquette of business intercourse into consideration and respect different culture backgrounds , such as the etiquette of business reception, the etiquette of business visit, the etiquette of presenting gifts in different countries.
In general, it is likely to have business intercourse with people who come from different countries or have little common in with their customs, religions and other factors. To some degree, these factors will cause a significant effect on business etiquette. With a view to reduce the chance of being misunderstood and leaving both of parties in the embarrassed position on business intercourse ,show our sincere respect for and leave an good impression on cooperators, we should be aware of the importance of different business etiquette in different countries. Owing to the development of economy and the intercourse between different regions or countries, we are in urgent need of learning different business etiquette in business intercourse. This paper will mainly tell something important about business etiquette in business intercourse. Having a good command of the different business etiquette of different countries is closely related to whether we can have the big opportunity to build a good communication relationship with our cooperators. By learning and obeying a variety of business etiquette on different business occasions and in different countries, we can establish rather long-term relationship with our business partners who come from different countries.
1. An overview of etiquette on business intercourse
In modern commodity and market economy, business intercourse has become very common, therefore every of us should know and learn some knowledge about etiquette of business intercourse in different countries. However, the content of business intercourse is extremely abundant and the range is very extensive. The knowledge about etiquette of business intercourse is rather abundant, because each country has its own special etiquette.
The etiquette of business intercourse is a standard etiquette which is usually used in dealing with the relationship of business intercourse. In business intercourse, each of us should show respect for people by means of observing some rules which are established by people through social practices. The process of business etiquette is to tell us what we can do and how we should do in communicating with others. If we do in a decorous way, we will build a long and pleasant relationship with our future clients and customers. Putting yourself in other?s shoes is a basic principle which is not only used in business intercourse, but also in making friends in our daily work and life.As a result, learning and using business etiquette represent people?s inner 1
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