篇一：叉车液压系统设计
液压课程设计
设计说明书
设计题目:叉车液压系统设计
机械工程学院
机械维修及检测技术教育专业
机检3333班
设计者: 指导教师：
2013年12月27日
课 程 设 计 任 务 书
学院 班 学生 课程设计课题： 叉车液压系统设计
一、课程设计工作日自 2013 年 12 月 23 日至 2013 年 12 月 27 日
二、同组学生
三、课程设计任务要求（包括课题来源、类型、目的和意义、基本要求、完成时
间、主要参考资料等）：
1．目的：
(1)巩固和深化已学的理论知识，掌握液压系统设计计算的一般步骤和方法； (2)正确合理地确定执行机构，运用液压基本回路组合成满足基本性能要求的、高效的液压系统；
(3)熟悉并运用有关国家标准、设计手册和产品样本等技术资料。 2．设计参数：
叉车是一种起重运输机械，它能垂直或水平地搬运货物。请设计一台X吨叉车液压系统的原理图。该叉车的动作要求是：货叉提升抬起重物，放下重物；起重架倾斜、回位，在货叉有重物的情况下，货叉能在其行程的任何位置停住，且不下滑。提升油缸通过链条－动滑轮使货叉起升，使货叉下降靠自重回位。为了使货物在货叉上放置角度合适，有一对倾斜缸可以使起重架前后倾斜。已知条件：货叉起升速度V1，下降速度最高不超过V2，加、减速时间为t，提升油缸行程L，额定载荷G。倾斜缸由两个单杠液压缸组成，它们的尺寸已知。
3．设计要求：
(1) 对提升液压缸进行工况分析,绘制工况图，确定提升尺寸； (2) 拟定叉车起重系统的液压系统原理图； (3) 计算液压系统，选择标准液压元件；
(4) 对上述液压系统中的提升液压缸进行结构设计，完成该液压缸的相关计算和部件装配图设计，并对其中的1－2非标零件进行零件图的设计。
4．主要参考资料：
[1] 许福玲.液压与气压传动.北京：机械工业出版社，2001.08 [2] 陈奎生．液压与气压传动．武汉：武汉理工大学出版社，2001.8 [3] 朱福元．液压系统设计简明手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2005.10 [4] 张利平．液压气动系统设计手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1997.9
指导教师签字： 系主任签字：
目录
1.1概述 ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1叉车的结构及基本技术 ................................................................................... 1
1.2液压系统的主要参数确定 .......................................................................... 4
1.2.1 起升液压系统的参数确定 .............................................................................. 4 1.2.2系统工作压力的确定 ....................................................................................... 6 1.2.3 起升液压系统液压缸的工况分析 .................................................................. 6
1.3液压系统原理图的拟定 ............................................................................... 9
1.3.1起升回路的设计 ............................................................................................. 10 1.3.2 倾斜回路的设计 ............................................................................................ 12 1.3.3 方向控制回路的设计 .................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 供油方式 ........................................................................................................ 13
1.4液压元件选择 .................................................................................................. 14
1.4.1 液压泵的选择 ................................................................................................ 14 1.4.2 电机的选择 .................................................................................................... 15 1.4.3液压阀的选择 ............................................................................................... 16 1.4.4 管路的选择 .................................................................................................... 17 1.4.5 油箱的设计 .................................................................................................... 18 1.4.6其他辅件的选择 ............................................................................................. 18
1.5液压系统的性能验算 .................................................................................. 191.5.1压力损失的验算 .............................................................................................. 19
1.5.2 系统温升验算 ................................................................................................ 20
1.6 设计经验总结 ................................................................................................ 21 参考文献： .............................................................................................................. 21
叉车工作装置液压系统设计
叉车作为一种流动式装卸搬运机械，由于具有很好的机动性和通过性，以及很强的适应性，因此适合于货种多、货量大且必须迅速集散和周转的部门使用，成为港口码头、铁路车站和仓库货场等部门不可缺少的工具。本章以叉车工作装置液压系统设计为例，介绍叉车工作装置液压系统的设计方法及步骤，包括叉车工作装置液压系统主要参数的确定、原理图的拟定、液压元件的选择以及液压系统性能验算等。
1.1概述
叉车也叫叉式装卸机、叉式装卸车或铲车，属于通用的起重运输机械，主要用于车站、仓库、港口和工厂等工作场所，进行成件包装货物的装卸和搬运。叉车的使用不仅可实现装卸搬运作业的机械化，减轻劳动强度，节约大量劳力，提高劳动生产力，而且能够缩短装卸、搬运、堆码的作业时间，加速汽车和铁路车辆的周转，提高仓库容积的利用率，减少货物破损，提高作业的安全程度。
1.1.1叉车的结构及基本技术
按照动力装置不同，叉车可分为内燃叉车和电瓶叉车两大类；根据叉车的用途不同，分为普通叉车和特种叉车两种；根据叉车的构造特点不同，叉车又分为直叉平衡重式叉车、插腿式叉车、前移式叉车、侧面式叉车等几种。其中直叉平衡重式叉车是最常用的一种叉车。
叉车通常由自行的轮式底盘和一套能垂直升降以及前后倾斜的工作装置组成。某型号叉车的结构组成及外形图如图1所示，其中货叉、叉架、门架、起升液压缸及倾斜液压缸组成叉车的工作装置。
叉车的基本技术参数有起重量、载荷中心矩、起升高度、满载行驶速度、满载最大起升速度、满载爬坡度、门架的前倾角和后倾角以及最小转弯半径等。
其中，起重量(Q)又称额定起重量，是指货叉上的货物中心位于规定的载荷中心距时，叉车能够举升的最大重量。我国标准中规定的起重量系列为：0.50，0.75，1.25，1.50，1.75，2.00，2.25，2.50，2.75，3.00，3.50，4.00，4.50，5.00，6.00，7.00，8.00，10.00…….吨。
载荷中心距e，是指货物重心到货叉垂直段前表面的距离。标准中所给出的规定值与起
1
篇二：叉车液压系统设计
毕业设计（论文）
题 目 叉车的液压系统设计
姓
学 号
专业班级
指导教师
分 院
摘 要
叉车是物流系统中最常用的装卸、搬运设备。本文介绍了世界范围内叉车的市场，叉车发展趋势以及叉车的结构特点。本文重点设计液压回路：由开式油箱供油，齿轮泵作为动力元件，油缸作为执行元件，液压控制阀作为控制元件。
根据液压起重机械的特点，设计液压叉车参数有：起重量、跨距、幅度起重高度、各机构的工作速度及起重机各机构的工作类型。叉车的主要参数首先由使用单位根据生产需要提出，具体数字应按国家标准或工厂标准来确定，同时也要考虑到制造厂的现实生产条件。因此，在确定参数时应当进行调查研究，充分协商和慎重确定。
本文就液压叉车的应用现状和发展前景作了简单概述。扩展我们的知识面和专业面，可以加强对自己的思维训练和能力培养，还可以填补空白，提高生产效率，很大的现实意义。
关键词：叉车，液压系统，液压元件。
Abstract
Forklifts are most commonly used in the logistics system of loading and unloading, handling equipment. This paper introduces the worldwide market for forklift trucks, forklifts, as well as the development trend of the structural features of the forklift to understand the hydraulic lifting of the main parameters of mechanical design:this paper emphasis on designing hydraulic circuit：by open type tank oil II
servicing, double geared pump as power component，oil cylinder as actuator，hydraulic control valve as control component .According to the characteristics of hydraulic lifting equipment, manual hydraulic lift truck design parameters are: starting weight , span, ranging from lifting height, the speed of the various agencies and the work of crane types of agencies. First of all, the main parameters of the forklift by using the unit in accordance with production needs, the specific figures should be national standards or criteria to determine the plant, while also taking into account the realities of factory production conditions. Therefore, in determining the parameters should be carried out investigation and study, to determine the full consultation and careful.
This paper the application of Forklifts pneumatic manipulator present condition and development prospects were simply summarized . Expand our knowledge a , Can strengthen their thinking training and ability training , Still can fill in the blanks , Improve production efficiency , Great practical significance.
Key words: Forklift ；Hydraulic system；Hydraulic components.
目 录
摘 要····························································································································· I Abstract ························································································································· II
1. 绪 论····················································································································· 1
1.1课题发展现状和前景展望·············································································· 1
1.2叉车的应用现状······························································································ 3
1.3液压叉车有以下几个优点·············································································· 4 III
1.4 液压叉车研究的目的、意义········································································· 4
1.5设计时要解决的几个问题·············································································· 5
1.6 液压叉车的设计要求····················································································· 6
2. 叉车的分类和组成··································································································· 6
2.1叉车的分类：·································································································· 6
2.2 叉车的结构组成：························································································· 7
2.2.1 动力装置······························································································ 7
2.2.2 传动装置······························································································ 7
2.2.3 转向装置······························································································ 7
2.2.4 工作装置······························································································ 7
2.2.5 液压系统······························································································ 8
2.2.6 制动装置······························································································ 8
3.1 主要特点········································································································· 9
3.2 液压系统简介································································································· 9
3.3 设计方案········································································································· 9
4. 具体计算和液压的元件选择················································································· 11
4.1 液压回路原理设计······················································································· 11
4.2 各液压元件的设计计算与校核··································································· 12
4.2.1 液压缸的设计及计算········································································ 12
4.2.2 液压阀的选择···················································································· 15
4.2.3 泵的设计与选择················································································ 17
4.2.4 油泵电机选择···························································································· 19
4.2.5 油路的设计························································································ 19
5. 液压站结构设计····································································································· 21
5.1 油箱的设计··································································································· 21
5.2 压力损失计算······························································································· 21
5.3 液压泵结构设计的注意事项······································································· 23 附 录·························································································································· 28 致谢······························································································································ 31
IV
1. 绪 论
叉车是物流行业的重要设备，是门架和货叉为工作装置的自行式装卸搬运机械，可用于装卸﹑堆放成件货物。它体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、噪音低、污染小、造价低、操作灵活，可以在工作场地狭小的空间作业。
随着现代文明社会的发展，叉车的使用越来越普遍。叉车主要用途是进行装卸，堆垛和拆垛以及短途的搬动工作。由于叉车具有良好的机动性，又有较强的适用性。适用于货物多，货量大且必须迅速集散和周转的部门使用，因此叉车港口码头，铁路车站，仓库货场几乎不可缺少的机种。
V
篇三：叉车液压系统设计说明书
*****大学
本科生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
题 目：叉车液压系统设计
姓 名：
学 号：
专 业：流体传动与控制
班 级：液压
指导教师：
*** ******** ***班 *****
摘要
随着现代文明社会的发展，叉车的使用越来越普遍。叉车主要用途是进行装
卸，堆垛和拆垛以及短途的搬动工作。由于叉车具有良好的机动性，又有较强的适用性。适用于货物多，货量大且必须迅速集散和周转的部门使用，因此叉车港口码头，铁路车站，仓库货场几乎不可缺少的机种 。由于社会对叉车的需求不断加大，使叉车的性能得到了改善，数目，品种和规格也不断增多，使用范围也不断增多.
随着我国经济建设步伐的加快,各项工程建设也会不断增多，工程建设中也
就离不开起重机械。目前起重机的控制系统主要是机械液压控制，随着电液比例控制技术和电子技术在控制系统中的比重越来越大以及它的优越性，电液控制将是主要发展潮流。随着液压元件、微机技术和信息技术的不断发展，智能液压起重机即将出现。那时这种“巨人”可以替代人们做更多的繁重工作，为人类的发展起到无法估计的作用。
关键词：叉车、电液控制、液压元件
Abstract:
Along with the development of modern civilized society, the use of forklift truck
is more and more common. The purpose of forklift truck loading and unloading, storage and open and the short form the move work. Because have good mobility, forklift truck and a strong applicability. Apply to more than goods, the volume and must be quickly distribution and the department, so use turnover forklift ports, railway station, warehouse almost indispensable freight model. Because of the social demand for forklift truck increasing, make the performance of the forklift truck improved varieties and specifications, and the number is growing, using range and grow.
As China's economic construction, speed up the pace of the engineering
construction will also increase; engineering construction also cannot leave the hoisting machinery. At present the control system is mainly crane mechanical hydraulic control, with electro-hydraulic proportional control technology and electronic technology in control system is more and more big and the proportion of its superiority, the electro-hydraulic control will be the main development trend. Along with the hydraulic components, computer technology and information technology, the development of the intelligent hydraulic crane are coming in. Then the "giant" can replace people do harder work for human development have can't estimate role.
Keywords: forklift、electro-hydraulic control、hydraulic components
目 录
摘要.........................................................................................................................I
Abstract: ................................................................................................................ II
第一章 绪论........................................................................................................ 1
1.1课题发展现状和前景展望...................................................................... 1
1.2 课题主要内容和要求........................................................................... 2
第二章 设计内容和要求.................................................................................... 3
2.1叉车介绍.................................................................................................. 3
2.2 叉车系统主要参数................................................................................. 4
第三章 液压传动系统的设计及计算................................................................ 4
3.1 液压传动概述....................................................................................... 3
3.2 草拟液压系统原理图........................................................................... 6
3.3 液压系统的参数确定........................................................................... 7
第四章 液压元件的选择.................................................................................... 8
4.1 油泵和电机选择................................................................................... 9
4.2 控制阀的选用..................................................................................... 11
4.3 管路，过滤器，其他辅助元件的选择计算..................................... 14
4.4 液压系统性能验算............................................................................. 20
第五章 液压集成油路的设计.......................................................................... 22
5.1 液压阀块简介..................................................................................... 22
5.2 集成块的设计步骤............................................................................. 23
第六章 液压站结构设计.................................................................................. 25
6.1 液压站的结构型式............................................................................. 25
6.2 液压泵的安装方式............................................................................. 26
6.3 液压油箱的设计................................................................................. 26
6.4 液压泵结构设计的注意事项............................................................. 30
总 结.................................................................................................................. 33
参 考 文 献........................................................................................................ 34
第一章绪论
1.1课题发展现状和前景展望
自2001－2008年，中国工业车辆行业的产销量每年平均以31.67%的速度增加，出口的年均增长速度更是达到55.12%以上。2008年中国机动工业车辆出口总数60333台，占行业总销量的35.89%，这说明中国工业车辆产业的发展已离不开国际经济大环境的支持。2009上半年，行业的出口同比下降61.6％，而且至今为止，并不能看出有明显复苏的迹象。中国工业车辆企业的国际化步伐刚刚才迈出，金融危机就不期而至，告诉我们未来的道路将是崎岖而坎坷的，征途中充满着艰辛和风险。今年第二季度后，本土工业车辆企业的销量呈现回升趋势，这主要得益于国内经济的复苏。总体而言，国内市场是令人鼓舞的，情况远好于国际市场。金融危机爆发后，中国政府推行了积极的财政政策和宽松的货币政策，尤其是在2008年11月推出总额达4万亿元人民币的经济刺激方案，有效地拉动了内需。今年第二季度以来，下游行业的全面复苏带动了工业车辆市场需求的增长，国内市场销量开始出现企稳回升势头。鉴于工业车辆市场的规模与全社会的经济活动总量之间总是保持一种正相关的关系，我们相信随着宏观经济的不断改善，国内市场的需求将稳步回升。
在短暂的低谷期之后，中国工业车辆市场又重新回到快速增长的轨道上。过去，在劳动力资源过剩和劳动力成本低下的时代，企业在考虑物流解决方案时更多采用室内起重机械和人力搬运。如今，这个时代已经一去不复返。对机械化和效率的追求使得越来越多企业倾向于用工业车辆作业方式取代旧有的搬运方式，这已成为一种趋势，随着经济的发展和社会的进步，这种趋势已难以逆转。
未来几年，中国将继续采取积极的宏观经济政策，以保持经济平稳较快增长。在宏观经济全面恢复的背景下，国家的经济总量在稳步提高；工业化程度在不断加深；物流业呈现高速发展的态势；全社会的固定资产投资将持续保持在较高水平。这些，都为工业车辆产业的发展提供了更为广阔的市场空间。宏观经济因素将保证工业车辆行业在未来稳步前行。
中国工业车辆市场是一个开放的市场，中国工业车辆行业同样是一个开放的行业。一方面，因为具备较低成本及较大市场规模，国际工业车辆制造业正处于从全球范围内向中国转移的过程中；另外一方面，中国本土企业急于突破国内市场的激烈竞争局面，正在全面实施走出去的战略，积极开拓国际市场，以寻求更为广阔的发展空间。
不可否认，中国工业车辆产业前一阶段的比较优势主要来自于低成本因素；但也应该看到，行业近年来取得了长足的进步，中国工业车辆企业不论是在规模上还是在技术上，与发达国家企业间的差距正在逐步拉近。行业的进展已不光是量变，量变的同时也在质变。
随着中国本土企业的逐渐崛起以及全球工业车辆产业向中国的转移，中国在将来必然会成为世界工业车辆产业制造中心之一，或许将成为世界最大的制造中心。在成就这
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